Photosynthetic characteristics and their defense chemicals of deciduous broadleaf trees raised under enriched CO_2 and temperature

高浓度CO_2和高温条件下落叶阔叶树的光合特性及其防御化学物质

• 批准号: 11460061
• 负责人: KOIKE Takayoshi
• 金额: $ 6.27万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460061/
• 关键词: Global warming; defense chemicals; carbon; nitrogen; total phenol; condensed tannin; 植食者; 防衛機構; マイマイガ; 高CO_2; 光合成

Resistance against herbivores is classified into two ideas, namely the capacity of defense and compensation. Insect larva cannot eat leaves with high capacity of defense or hardly eat leaves because of low digestion in leaves. According to chemical analysis of leaves, amount of total phenolic compound in leaves of Q.mongolica and A.mono was larger than the other species. Leaves of B.platyphylla contained larger amount of condensed tannin. These species have higher capacity of defense against herbivores. The other capacity is considered to be compensation. When leaves would be grazed by herbivores, recovery of leaves may be strongly correlated with photosynthetic capacity and the process of formation of leaf primordia. In general, except for B.platyphylla, defense chemicals in leaves of trees with free growth type had lower amount of defense chemicals while these with fixed growth type had higher amount. B.platyphylla usually has high amount of defense chemicals irrespective of light condition. This ability may lead to broad distribution range in this birch species. Under high CO_2, L.Kaempferi and B.platyphylla had larger amount of phenolic compounds and condensed tannin while Fagus crenata and Q.mongolica increased only amount of total phenol but not condensed tannin. This tendency may imply that F.crenata and Q.mongolica would have higher susceptibility to grazing by herbivores in future greenhouse environment.

对食草动物的抗性分为两种，即防御能力和补偿能力。昆虫幼虫不能吃防御能力强的叶子，也不能吃叶子，因为叶子消化能力低。根据叶片化学成分分析，蒙古栎叶和沙棘叶中总酚类化合物的含量高于其他树种。白桦叶中含有较多的缩合单宁。这些物种对食草动物的防御能力较强。另一种身份被认为是补偿。当叶片被食草动物取食时，叶片的恢复可能与光合作用能力和叶原基的形成过程密切相关。总体来看，除白桦外，自由生长型树种叶片中的防御性化学物质含量较低，而固定生长型树种的防御性化学物质含量较高。无论光照条件如何，白桦通常都含有大量的防御化学物质。这种能力可能导致在该桦树种中的广泛分布范围。在CO_2浓度较高的条件下，山杨和白桦的酚类化合物和缩合单宁含量较高，而金合欢和蒙古栎仅增加总酚含量，而不增加缩合单宁。这一趋势可能表明，在未来的温室环境中，沙棘和蒙古栎对食草动物的捕食将具有更高的敏感性。

项目成果

Nakamura,T.,Kitao,M.,Tobita,H.,Maruyama,Y.,Lei,T.T.and Koike,T.: "In : Terazawa, M.ed.Tree Sap II, Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo."Observation of patchy stomatal closure and growth of white birch seedlings raised under ambient and elevated CO_2 with s

Nakamura,T.、Kitao,M.、Tobita,H.、Maruyama,Y.、Lei,T.T. 和 Koike,T.：“In : Terazawa, M.ed.Tree Sap II，北海道大学出版社，札幌。”观察

小池孝良,松木佐和子,松本剛史,船田良,丸山温: "高CO_2条件と被陰条件で生育した樹木葉の被食防衛物質"日本林学会北海道支部論文集. 49. 27-29 (2001)

Takayoshi Koike、Sawako Matsuki、Takeshi Matsumoto、Ryo Funada、Atsushi Maruyama：“在高 CO_2 和遮荫条件下生长的树木叶子中的猎物防御物质”日本林业学会北海道分会会议记录 49. 27-29 (2001)。 ）

Koike,T.,Yazaki,K.,Funada,R.,Maruyama,Y.,Mori,S.and Sasa,K.: "Forest health and vitality in northern Japan -A history of larch plantation-"Research Note of Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu (Fin),. 92. 49-60 (2000)

小池，T.，矢崎，K.，船田，R.，丸山，Y.，森，S.和笹，K.：“日本北部的森林健康与活力-落叶松种植园的历史-”教师研究笔记

Nakamura, T., M. Kitano and T. Koike: "Observation of patchy stomatal closure and growth of white birch seedlings"In : Terazawa, M. Et al.Eds. Birch Wood Utilization, Bifuka,. (印刷中). (2000)

Nakamura, T., M. Kitano 和 T. Koike：“白桦幼苗斑状气孔闭合和生长的观察”，载于 Terazawa, M. Et al.Birch Wood Utilization，Bifuka，2000 年。 ）

小池孝良: "CO_2濃度上昇と森林の広答能研究の動向"大気環境学会. 34. A35-A52 (1999)

Takayoshi Koike：“CO_2 浓度上升趋势和森林广泛响应研究”大气环境学会 34. A35-A52 (1999)。