Ecophysiological responses of naturally regonerntod seedlings to natural and man-made disturbance and their application for silviculture

自然再生幼苗对自然和人为干扰的生态生理响应及其在造林中的应用

• 批准号: 07660185
• 负责人: KOIKE Takayoshi
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07660185/
• 关键词: leaf predetermination; deciduous broadleaved trees; photosynthesis; chlorophyll composition; forest succession; DMSO; クロロフィル組成; 葉の構造; 光環境; 光合成反応; かく乱; 葉構造; 光合成

Leaf morphology and anatomy of 4 successional dcciduous broadleaved tree seedlings grown under various light levels were examined in relation to their photosynthetic capacity. The successional growth sites of seedlings of birch (Betula schmidtir), oak (Quercus serrata), Keyaki (Zelkova serrata) and maple (Acer tenuifolium) are respectively sunny open, open or gap, gap and shade environment in a forest. Before the bud break, seedlings were transplanted from a small gap or under forest canopy to open nursery. Birch was also transplanted from open site to the nursery. A positive correlation between leaf thickness and the maximum photosynthetic rate of all species was found. For the seedlings grown under shade in the preceding year, oak, Keyaki and maple leaves bore one palisade parenchyma layr even though their leaves unfolded under full sunlight in the nursery. In contrast, leaves expanded under full sunlight in previous year had two palisade parenchyma layrs except for maple where only one layr formed irrespective of growth light environment. Chlorophyll b content of all leaves developed under shade was higher then those grown in the open. In an open, stomatal density was high while the size of bundle sheath extension compartment (area divided by the extension of vascular bundle sheathes) was small. The ecological relationship among leaf morphology, anatomy and its gas exchange capacity in seral tree seedlings is discussed with special reference to the timing of leaf primordial differentiation.

对生长在不同光照条件下的4种演替落叶阔叶树幼苗的叶片形态和解剖结构进行了研究。白桦（Betula schmidtir）、栎（Quercus serrata）、榉树（Zelkova serrata）和细叶槭（Acer tenuifolium）幼苗的演替生长场所分别为林内的向阳开阔地、开阔地或林隙、林隙和遮荫环境。在萌芽前，将幼苗从小间隙或林冠下移植到开放苗圃。桦树也从露天场地移植到苗圃。叶片厚度与最大光合速率呈正相关，前一年生长在遮荫下的幼苗，橡树、克雅基和枫树的叶片即使在苗圃全光照下展开，也只有一层栅栏薄壁组织。相反，前一年在全光照下展开的叶片有两个栅栏薄壁组织层，除了枫树，无论生长光环境如何，只有一个层形成。遮荫条件下生长的叶片叶绿素B含量均高于露地生长的叶片。在开放条件下，气孔密度高，而维管束鞘延伸隔室的大小（面积除以维管束鞘的延伸）小。本文讨论了连生树幼苗叶的形态、解剖及其气体交换能力之间的生态关系，特别是叶原基分化的时间。

项目成果

Koike, T., Miyashita, N.and Toda, H.: "Effects of shading on leaf structural characteristics of successional deciduous broadleaved tree seedlings and their silvicultural meaning Forst Resources and Environment" 35. 9-24 (1997)

小池，T.，宫下，N.和户田，H.：“遮荫对连续落叶阔叶树幼苗叶片结构特征的影响及其造林意义，森林资源与环境”35. 9-24 (1997)

G.Koike, T.: "Conservation ecology (2) Re-vegitation of destroyed forest. Northern Forestry (Hoppo Ringyo)" 49(in Japanese). 18-21 (1997)

G.Koike, T.：“保护生态学（2）被破坏森林的植被恢复。北方林业（Hoppo Ringyo）”49（日语）。

Koike,T.,Umemoto,M.,Horie,K.,Sato,K.,Izuta,T.: "Foliar symptoms and shoot development of deciduous broadleaves tree seedlings raised under ambient and enriched carbon dioxide" Forest Resources Environ.34. 81-88 (1996)

Koike，T.，Umemoto，M.，Horie，K.，Sato，K.，Izuta，T.：“在环境和富集二氧化碳下生长的落叶阔叶树幼苗的叶症状和芽发育”森林资源环境.34。

小池孝良: "樹種の保全生態(2)森林修復と保全への展望." 北方林業. 49. 39-42 (1997)

小池隆吉：“树种保护生态学（2）森林恢复和保护的前景” 49. 39-42（1997）。

Koike, T., Honma, K., Lei.T.T., Matsui, K.and Makita, A.: "Characteristics of the lihgt response of photosynthetic rate in Sasa kurilensis seedlings. Bamboo Journal" 15(in press). (1997)

Koike, T.、Honma, K.、Lei.T.T.、Matsui, K. 和 Makita, A.：“Sasa kurilensis 幼苗光合速率的光响应特征。竹子杂志”15（印刷中）。