Prediction of the change and sustainable use of mixed conifer-broadleaf forests under changing environment based on FACE(Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)

基于FACE(Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)的环境变化下针阔混交林变化及可持续利用预测

• 批准号: 17208013
• 负责人: KOIKE Takayoshi
• 金额: $ 20.05万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17208013/
• 关键词: Global warming; Circumpolar regions; Mixed conifer-broadleaf forest; Photosynthetic production; Species diversity; Nitrogen depostition; Insect damages; elevated CO_2; CO^2付加実験; 温帯林; 被食防衛; 相互被陰; FACE; 落葉広葉樹林; 窒素固定; LAI

Since the effect of high [CO_2] is known to depend on soil conditions, we evaluated the response in two soils which are widely distributed in northern Japan: infertile and immature volcanic ash (VA) soil, and fertile brown forest (BF) soil. Except alder, most species showed photosynthetic down-regulation only in VA soil. The explanation is reduced nitrogen and Rubisco content in the leaf. For alder, the down-regulation occurred only in BF soil because of the accumulation of starch in foliage, which restricts CO_2 diffusion inside the chloroplast. The higher photosynthetic rate of alder in infertile VA soil could be due to he sink for photosynthates in the N_2-fixing symbiont. Water relations in woody species are intimately related to xylem hydraulic structures. Transpiration or stomatal conductance generally decreases at high CO_2 concentrations ([CO_2]). To determine the relation between water flow and hydraulic structure at high [CO_2], we investigated the single-leaf scale response of both sun and shade leaves of two species (diffuse-porous; birch and ring-porous; oak) grown on VA and BF. We used four-year-old saplings exposed to 500 μmolCO_2 mol^<1> for three years. For sun leaves, the water flow (I.e. stomatal conductance and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity)and the total vessel area of the petiole consistently decreased at elevated [CO_2] despite differences in species and soil type. However, parameters in shade leaves did not show the significant change. Our result show that changes in water flow at elevated [CO_2] leads to acclimation in petiole hydraulic structure. These results help us to see how trees might accommodate themselves to the coming CO_2-enhanced environment. Based on our results, we can evaluate acclimation traits of broadleaf trees native to Japan to elevated CO_2 condition.

由于已知高[CO_2]的影响取决于土壤条件，因此我们评估了在日本北部广泛分布的两种土壤中的反应：不育和不成熟的火山灰（VA）土壤和肥沃的棕色森林（BF）土壤。除alder以外，大多数物种仅在VA土壤中显示光合作用下调。解释减少了叶片中的氮和rubisco含量。对于Alder而言，下调仅在BF土壤中发生，因为淀粉在树叶中的积累，这限制了叶绿体内部的CO_2扩散。在不育VA土壤中，alder的较高的光同步速率可能是由于他在N_2固定符号中的光合作用下沉。木质物种的水关系与木质部氢化结构密切相关。反刺激或气孔电导通常以高CO_2浓度下降（[CO_2]）。为了确定高[CO_2]的水流与液压结构之间的关系，我们研究了在VA和BF上生长的两个物种（弥漫性孔；桦木和环形孔）的太阳和阴影叶子的单叶尺度响应。我们使用了暴露于500μmolco_2mol^<1>的四岁的树苗，持续了三年。对于太阳叶子，水流（即气孔电导和叶片特异性水力电导率）和叶柄的总血管面积在升高时始终降低[CO_2]取决于物种和土壤类型。但是，阴影叶子中的参数并未显示出重大变化。我们的结果表明，升高[CO_2]水流的变化会导致彼得水解结构的适应。这些结果帮助我们了解树木如何适应即将到来的CO_2增强环境。根据我们的结果，我们可以评估日本本地的Broadeaf树的适应特征，以提高CO_2状态。

项目成果

地球環境と生態系

全球环境与生态系统

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: 小池;孝良
• 通讯作者: 孝良

地球環境と生態系(武田 博清・占部城太郎(編者))

全球环境与生态系统（武田博清、浦部承太郎（编辑））

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Unami;K.;T. Kawachi;小池孝良
• 通讯作者: 小池孝良

C/N ration in deciduous broadleaf trees grown in FACE

FACE 中生长的落叶阔叶树的碳氮比

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Koike;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

Defense characteristics of deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings grown under factorial combination of two levels of CO_2 and nitrogen

CO_2和氮两种水平因子组合下落叶阔叶树幼苗的防御特性

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Koike;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

Photosynthetic responses of birch and saplings grown in a free air CO_2 enrichment system in northern Japan

日本北部自由空气 CO_2 浓缩系统中生长的桦树和树苗的光合反应

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Trees - Structure and Function 22
• 作者: Eguchi;N.,
• 通讯作者: N.,