Prediction of the change and sustainable use of mixed conifer-broadleaf forests under changing environment based on FACE(Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)

基于FACE(Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)的环境变化下针阔混交林变化及可持续利用预测

• 批准号: 17208013
• 负责人: KOIKE Takayoshi
• 金额: $ 20.05万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17208013/
• 关键词: Global warming; Circumpolar regions; Mixed conifer-broadleaf forest; Photosynthetic production; Species diversity; Nitrogen depostition; Insect damages; elevated CO_2; CO^2付加実験; 温帯林; 被食防衛; 相互被陰; FACE; 落葉広葉樹林; 窒素固定; LAI

Since the effect of high [CO_2] is known to depend on soil conditions, we evaluated the response in two soils which are widely distributed in northern Japan: infertile and immature volcanic ash (VA) soil, and fertile brown forest (BF) soil. Except alder, most species showed photosynthetic down-regulation only in VA soil. The explanation is reduced nitrogen and Rubisco content in the leaf. For alder, the down-regulation occurred only in BF soil because of the accumulation of starch in foliage, which restricts CO_2 diffusion inside the chloroplast. The higher photosynthetic rate of alder in infertile VA soil could be due to he sink for photosynthates in the N_2-fixing symbiont. Water relations in woody species are intimately related to xylem hydraulic structures. Transpiration or stomatal conductance generally decreases at high CO_2 concentrations ([CO_2]). To determine the relation between water flow and hydraulic structure at high [CO_2], we investigated the single-leaf scale response of both sun and shade leaves of two species (diffuse-porous; birch and ring-porous; oak) grown on VA and BF. We used four-year-old saplings exposed to 500 μmolCO_2 mol^<1> for three years. For sun leaves, the water flow (I.e. stomatal conductance and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity)and the total vessel area of the petiole consistently decreased at elevated [CO_2] despite differences in species and soil type. However, parameters in shade leaves did not show the significant change. Our result show that changes in water flow at elevated [CO_2] leads to acclimation in petiole hydraulic structure. These results help us to see how trees might accommodate themselves to the coming CO_2-enhanced environment. Based on our results, we can evaluate acclimation traits of broadleaf trees native to Japan to elevated CO_2 condition.

由于高[CO_2]的影响是已知的，取决于土壤条件，我们评估了两种土壤，这是广泛分布在日本北方：贫瘠和未成熟的火山灰（VA）土壤，肥沃的棕色森林（BF）土壤的反应。除桤木外，大多数树种仅在VA土壤中表现出光合下调。其原因是叶片中的氮和Rubisco含量减少。对于桤木，这种下调只发生在BF土壤中，这是由于叶片中淀粉的积累限制了叶绿体内CO_2的扩散。桤木在贫瘠VA土壤上的光合速率较高可能是由于固氮共生体中光合产物的库。木本植物的水分关系与木质部的水力结构密切相关。在高CO_2浓度（[CO_2]）下，蒸腾作用或气孔导度普遍降低。为了确定水流和水力结构之间的关系在高[CO_2]，我们调查了单叶尺度响应的两个物种（散孔;桦树和环孔;橡树）生长在VA和BF的阳和阴叶。我们用四年生的树苗暴露于500 μmolCO_2 mol <1>^3年。对于阳生叶，尽管种间和土壤类型存在差异，但随着[CO_2]浓度的升高，叶片的水流量（气孔导度和叶片比导度）和总导管面积均呈下降趋势。而阴生叶中各参数变化不显著。我们的结果表明，在[CO_2]升高的水流的变化导致叶柄水力结构的驯化。这些结果有助于我们了解树木如何适应即将到来的CO_2增强环境。根据本研究结果，我们可以评估日本阔叶树对高浓度CO_2的适应特性。

项目成果

Photosynthetic responses of birch and saplings grown in a free air CO_2 enrichment system in northern Japan

日本北部自由空气 CO_2 浓缩系统中生长的桦树和树苗的光合反应

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Trees - Structure and Function 22
• 作者: Eguchi;N.,
• 通讯作者: N.,

Mycorrhizal activities in Pinus densiflora, P. koraiensis and Larix kaempferi native to Korea raised under high CO_2 concentrations and water use efficiency.

韩国原产赤松、红松和落叶松的菌根活性在高CO_2浓度和水分利用效率下提高。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Phyton (Horn, Austria) 45
• 作者: Choi;D.S.,
• 通讯作者: D.S.,

Effects of elevated CO_2 and nitrogen availability on nodulation of Alnus hirsuta (Turcz.)

提高CO_2和氮利用率对赤杨结瘤的影响

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Phyton (Horn, Austria) 45
• 作者: Tobita;H.;Kitano;M.;Koike;T.;Maruyama;Y.
• 通讯作者: Y.

C/N ration in deciduous broadleaf trees grown in FACE

FACE 中生长的落叶阔叶树的碳氮比

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Koike;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

Defense characteristics of deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings grown under factorial combination of two levels of CO_2 and nitrogen

CO_2和氮两种水平因子组合下落叶阔叶树幼苗的防御特性

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Koike;T.
• 通讯作者: T.