Economic Analysis of Agricultural and Rural Institutional Capital- Investigation of Regional Use of Irrigation Water

目前，世界范围内关于水权私有还是公有的争论都围绕着稀缺水资源的有效利用展开。日本的灌溉制度是在历史进程中形成的，习惯水权被认为是与农地统一的权利。它被归类为河岸水权。日本被评为实现水资源最有效可持续利用的国家之一。公地悲剧并不适用于日本的农业和农村地区，但由于经济环境的变化，灌溉用水的使用逐渐改变，以利用稀缺的水资源。至于饮用水和其他日常用水，对于非农业部门日益增长的用水需求，包括旨在维持自然环境恢复的非受益性用水，“区域用水”是必要的。机构资本被定义为各种机构和管理灌溉系统的社会组织的存量，以及其他相关的社会资本，即供水系统的硬件。对东北地区和北海道地区的农村“区域用水”方式进行了调查。在一些地方，灌区和当地政府之间的合作有效地管理着它。建立了灌区用水与“区域用水”的成本分担机制。增加了一门与高效用水和农村地区管理重要性有关的理论考试。

At present, the world-wide argument of the private ownership of the water rights or the communal ownership is made over the efficiency use of the scarce water resources. Irrigation system in Japan has been formed through the historical process, and the custom water rights were considered as the right unified with the agricultural land. It is classified as Riparian water right. Japan is evaluated as one of the countries which attained the most effective sustainable use of water resources. The tragedy of the commons is not applicable to the Japanese agriculture and the rural area.However, due to the change in the economic environment the use of irrigation water has gradually been changed to utilize the scarce water resource. As for the drinking and other daily use of water, the "regional use of water" should be necessary for the increasing demand of water in the non-agriculture sector including the non-beneficiary use which aims to maintain the recovery of the natural environment.The institutional capital was defined as the stock of various institutions and the social organization which manages the irrigation system and the other related social capital) that is, the hardware of the water supply system. The way to use the "regional water" in the rural area was investigated in Tbhoku region and Hokkaido. There are some places where it is efficiently managed by the cooperative work between the irrigation district and the local government. The cost share system between irrigation water and "regional water" is also found. A theoretical examination was added related to the efficient water use and the importance of stewardship in rural area.