Comparative Analysis of Irrigation Management Efficiency in South Asia

本研究的目的是为了弄清楚决定南亚地区灌溉效率的经济因素。尼泊尔加德满都盆地的萨利纳迪灌溉系统没有管理机构。位于渠尾地区的农民在旱季不能保证灌溉用水。渠首、渠中毛利率是渠尾毛利率的2.5倍。帕累托最优存在无效率。在Janakapur地区，受益于深管井灌溉系统的农民中没有水用户组织。由于缺乏合作，用水者不得不自己做每件事来将灌溉水输送到他的地块。因此，为了更有效地利用水资源，孟加拉国引进了浅管井灌溉系统。水价下降了35%，污水处理厂可能处于收支平衡点以下。由于水价下降，有利于地主的农田成本份额增加。在巴基斯坦，水涝和盐碱化问题是灌溉系统发展而没有提供任何排水设施的结果。为控制这一问题而对排水项目进行的投资表明，有可能提高土地的生产力和可耕地性。为了提高效率，农民需要更多的灌溉水和合作活动来维护灌溉渠。绿色革命在斯里兰卡非常成功，这归功于自20世纪60年代以来的灌溉投资。新的灌溉发展和恢复项目的费用已经变得过于昂贵。本文认为，基于水资源配置帕累托最优的新用水户制度是灌溉管理体制改革的必要条件。

The purpose of this study was to make clear the economic factors that determine the irrigation efficiency in South Asia.There is no management organization in Sali Nadi irrigation system in Katmandu basin, Nepal. Farmers whose land is located in tail area of the canal are not guaranteed to use irrigation water in dry season. Gross margin in head and middle is 2.5 times higher than in tail of canal. There is inefficiency of Pareto Optimal. There is no water users organization among the farmers who are benefiting from deep tube-well (DTW) irrigation system in Janakapur area. Due to lack of co-operation the water user has to do every thing by him self to convey the irrigation water to his plots. Therefore the shallow tube-well (STW) irrigation system has been introduced to use water more efficiently.Water market is well developed in Bangladesh. The water price has decreased by 35%, so that STW might be under break-even point. Due to reduction of water price, the cost share of farmland in favor of landlord is increased.In Pakistan the problem of water logging and salinity is the result of development of irrigation system without any provision of drainage facility. The investment in drainage projects for controlling this problem has shown the possibility of increase in productivity and cultivability of land. To become more effective, the farmers need more irrigation water and co-operative activities to maintain the irrigation canals.Green revolution was very successful in Sri Lanka, due to irrigation investment since 1960's. New irrigation development and the rehabilitation projects cost has become too expensive. One of the main reasons is high wage rate.We concluded that new water user's rule based on Pareto optimal of water resource allocation is necessary for irrigation management system.