Terms of Trade in Japanese Agriculture ---A comparative Analysis with US.and EC in 1980's---

日本农业贸易条件——1980年代与美国、欧共体的比较分析——

• 批准号: 05660241
• 负责人: OSANAMI Fumio
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660241/
• 关键词: Japanese agriculture; Terms of trade; Comparative analysis; Exchange rate currency; Price differentials between domestic and oversea markets; Production Structure; Agricultural input Price; Deregulation; 流通構造; 外国為替変動; 投入財価格; 農産物価格; 流通再編; 市場構造

The changing course in terms of "term of trade in agricultural sector" shows the difference among Japan, US and EC countries.The terms of trade in Japanese agricultural sector has increased since 1960's, except the period that the rice acreage restriction program effected in early 1970's.The terms of trade in US agricultural sector has decreased since mid 1970's.The average of EC's indicator has kept the constant level in longer term.Dr.Ohkawa explained the reason why Japanese agricultural trade of term show an increasing pattern in prewar era, defining that "Rice" has the characteristics of "C" in Japan.The classificaion of good in trade theory was made by J.R.Hicks.He classified tradable goods as "A", non-tradable goods as "B" and tradable but the price is determined mainly by domestic factors as "C".He also made clear the implication of the analysis, concluding that the development of food processing industry might weaken the "C factor" in Japanese agriculture.The study examined the … More changing cause of Japanese agricultural in terms of trade, identifying tradable goods and non-tradable goods in both agricultural products and inputs.The share of rice has decreased to 25% by 30 % since 1950's and dairy product and vegetables increased to 27%, 24% respectively.Farmers grow much more less-competitive product against agricultural trade liberalization in 1980's, although Japanese agricultural policy has biased in rice sector which keep "C factor." The advanced storage technology and advanced distribution system has been adopted and make possible to supply farm products in stable market.These effects contributed much to the good situation in terms of trade.On the other hand the performance of the agricultural input industry was very low.The price of agricultural input kept high comparing with the import price.Usage of imported input is an effective way to improve farmer's situation.The study shows the effect of cost reduction in fertilizer's case, estimating the derived demand elasticity. Less

“农产品贸易条件”的变化过程显示了日本、美国和欧共体国家之间的差异。自20世纪60年代S以来，日本农产品贸易条件一直在增加，但70年代初水稻种植限制计划生效的时期除外。美国农业部门贸易条件自70年代中期以来一直下降。EC指标的平均值在较长时期内保持不变。大川博士解释了战前日本农产品贸易长期贸易呈现增长模式的原因。J·R·希克斯对贸易理论中的商品进行了分类。他将可贸易商品归类为A，将非贸易商品归类为B，将价格主要由国内因素决定的可贸易商品归类为C。他还明确了这一分析的含义，认为食品加工业的发展可能会削弱日本农业中的C因素。研究对…进行了考察日本农业在贸易方面的变化更大，在农产品和投入中都区分了可贸易商品和非贸易商品。自1950年S以来，大米的份额下降到25%，下降了30%，乳制品和蔬菜分别增加到27%和24%。1980年的S说，农民种植的产品比农业贸易自由化少得多--竞争力差得多，尽管日本的农业政策一直偏向于保持“C因素”的大米行业。采用先进的仓储技术和先进的配送体系，使农产品在稳定的市场中得以供应。这些效应在很大程度上促进了贸易的良好局面。另一方面，农业投入品产业表现很低。农业投入品价格与进口价格相比一直居高不下。使用进口投入品是改善农民状况的有效途径。研究表明，在化肥情况下，降低成本的效果，估计了导出的需求弹性。较少

项目成果

Konya, N.and Osanami, F.: "The Economic Effects of the abolition of Temporary Law for Price Stabilization" The Nokei Ronso. Vol.51. 189-198 (1995)

Konya, N. 和 Osanami, F.：“废除价格稳定临时法的经济影响” Nokei Ronso。

出村克彦: "地域環境整備における農業用水路を利用した公園の経済評価" 農経経済研究. 67. (1995)

德村克彦：“利用农业运河改善区域环境的公园的经济评价”农业经济研究67。（1995）。

紺屋直樹・長南史男: "肥料価格安定法廃止の経済効果" 農経論叢. 51. 189-198 (1995)

Naoki Konya 和 Fumio Chonan：“废除化肥价格稳定法的经济影响”农业经济学评论 51. 189-198 (1995)。