Indices for evaluating sustainable production of cropland, forest land and grassland

采用三种方法对农田、林地和草地进行生产可持续性评价，并建立了生产可持续性综合评价指标。【1！〇】碳动态指数：比较3种不同种植制度下的碳收支。碳收支计算结果表明，水田是最可持续的生态系统，旱田次之，双作次之，单作最不可持续。同时，采用精确的野外采样方法，对寒温带落叶森林的碳储量进行了研究。结果表明，植物体内储存了107tC/ha，土壤中储存了334tC/ha。土壤是森林生态系统碳的大汇。〇】利用多样性指数来评价草地的可持续性，可通过植物组成多样性和植物分布的空间异质性来评价草地的可持续性。草原研究小组应用β二项分布对内蒙古草原进行了草地调查。结果表明，围栏保护后的恢复过程更明显地体现在β -二项指标上。【3】〇】建模与遥感方法：实时监测是实现草地可持续管理的关键。利用卫星数据得到的NDVI揭示了内蒙古草原生物量的季节变化。这种模式可以防止草地沙漠化，为每个村庄分配适当的承载力。而光谱反射率模型与生物量、盖度、株高等生物信息的相关性较高。光谱指标适合于草甸诊断。提出了物质循环连续性指数的计算方法，从遥感数据中获得了流域物质循环模型构建所需的精确土地覆盖信息，并对边界条件进行了规范。总体而言，利用碳动态指数评价森林、农田和草地等生态系统的土地可持续性是一种很有前途的方法。但是，还需要开发另一种指标来进行生态系统间的比较。少

Three methods are applied on croplands, forestlands and grasslands in order to evaluate sustainability of production, and developed comprehensive indices for it.【1!○】 Index using carbon dynamics : Carbon budgets were compared under 3 different cropping systems. As the results of calculation of carbon budgets, paddy field is the most sustainable system, then followed double cropping and fee worst was single cropping of upland field. While, carbon storage in a cool-temperate deciduous forest by a precise field sampling method. As the results, it was clarified that 107tC/ha was stored in plants, 334tC/ha in soils. Soil is a large sink of carbon in forest ecosystem.【2!○】 Index using diversity index : Grassland sustainability may be evaluated by diversity of botanical composition and spatial heterogeneity of plant distribution. Grassland team applied beta-binomial distribution on grassland survey in Inner Mongolia steppe. As the results, the process of recovering after fence protection was … More manifested by beta-binomial index.【3!○】 Modeling and remote sensing approach : Real time monitoring is the most important which makes possible the sustainable grassland management. NDVI derived from satellite data clarified seasonal biomass changes of Inner Mongolian grassland. Such model can prevent desertification of grassland allocating appropriate carrying capacity for each village. While, the model obtained from spectral reflectance had high correlation with biological information such as biomass, coverage and plant height. Spectral indices were found suitable for meadow diagnosis.Index stood for continuity of matter cycling was proposed For the calculation of this index, a precise land cover information which needs for model construction of matter cycle in a river basin, and specification of border conditions, were obtained from remote sensing data.As a whole, indices using carbon dynamics is one of the promising methods for the evaluation of land sustainability of ecosystem including forestland, agriculture land, and grassland. However, it needs to develop another indices to compare among ecosystems. Less