Integrated Study on Evolution of genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae)

烟草属（茄科）进化综合研究

• 批准号: 13575009
• 负责人: ITO Motomi
• 金额: $ 8.26万
• 依托单位: THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13575009/
• 关键词: Nicotiana; Southern Hemisphere; Gondowana; Molecular phylogeny; Phytogeography; systematics; Amphi-diploid; new species; 分子系統学; オーストラリア; 南半球分布; 分子系統学的解析; 種分化; 交雑; 倍数化; 自家不和合性; 新野生種

In this project of the study of taxonomy and biogeography, we have challenged a new approach. Thus far, studies of these fields usually treated many taxa of plants at once, while we focused on a representative group of plants and analyzed the evolutionary mechanism of division of speciation and the change of the distribution. We chose the wild-type plants of the genus Nicotiana as the object of our new approach. The genus Nicotiana belongs to Solanaceae and contains about 70 species. The natural distribution of Nicotiana is limited to Southern Hemisphere. 37 species of this genus occur in South America, 20 species in Australia, and a species in Africa. We investigated wild-type species of the genus Nicotiana in Bolivia and Argentina in South America and Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand in Oceania. First, as the result of taxonomy we discovered a novel species of the genus Nicotiana in South America. We analyze this plant using molecular phylogenetic and physiological methods. Secondly, we analyzed the change of distribution of some ten species of this genus using the biogeographical method. The result of this analysis is that at least two species, Nicotiana acaulis and N.Ikawakamii has been on the verge of extinction. Thirdly, we have obtained the phylogenetic results that show the origin of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). N.tabacum is thought to be amphidiploid plants. Although many studies exhibited that the maternal species of N.tabacum is N.sylvestris, the paternal species is unknown. Our analysis indicated that the plants of the paternal species might have been extinct. Research has still been attached to the start just. The further analysis is required in order to confirm these results.

在这个研究分类学和地理学的项目中，我们挑战了一种新的方法。迄今为止，这些领域的研究通常是一次处理多个分类单元的植物，而我们集中在一个代表性的植物组，并分析物种分化的进化机制和分布的变化。我们选择了烟草属的野生型植物作为我们新方法的对象。烟草属（Nicotiana）隶属茄科（Solanaceae），约有70种。烟草的自然分布仅限于南半球。该属37种分布于南美洲，20种分布于澳大利亚，1种分布于非洲。我们调查了南美洲的玻利维亚和阿根廷以及大洋洲的澳大利亚、新喀里多尼亚和新西兰的烟草属野生型物种。首先，作为分类的结果，我们发现了一个新的物种属烟草在南美洲。我们用分子系统学和生理学的方法对该植物进行了分析。其次，采用植物地理学方法，分析了该属10余种植物的分布变迁。分析的结果是，至少有两个物种，无茎烟草（Nicotiana acaulis）和岩上烟草（N.Ikawakamii）已经濒临灭绝。第三，我们得到了系统发育的结果，表明烟草植物（Nicotiana tabacum）的起源。烟草被认为是双二倍体植物。虽然许多研究表明，烟草的母本种是N.sylvestris，但父本种未知。我们的分析表明，父系物种的植物可能已经灭绝。研究刚开始时还很重视。需要进一步分析以确认这些结果。

项目成果

角谷直人, 川床邦夫, 青木誠志郎: "アルゼンチン・ボリビアのタバコ属野生植物調査(補)"タバコ史研究. 85. 3976-3979 (2003)

Naoto Kakutani、Kunio Kawadoko、Seishiro Aoki：“阿根廷和玻利维亚烟草属野生植物调查（补充）”烟草历史研究 85. 3976-3979 (2003)。

Ebihara, A., Iwatsuki, K., Kurita, S., Ito, M: "Systematic position of Hymenophyllum rolandi-principis Rosenst. or a monotypic genus Rosenstockia Copel.(Hymenophyllaceae) endemic to New Caledonia."Acta Phytotaxonom.Geobot.. 53・1. 35-49 (2002)

Ebihara, A.、Iwatsuki, K.、Kurita, S.、Ito, M：“Hymenophyllum rolandi-principis Rosenst. 或单型属 Rosenstockia Copel.（Hymenophyllaceae）新喀里多尼亚特有的系统地位。”Acta Phytotaxonom.Geobot。 .53・1.35-49 (2002)

Seishiro Aoki, Koichi Uehara, Masao Imafuku, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Motomi Ito: "Phylogeny and Divergence of Basal Angiosperms Inferred from APE TALA3- and PISTILLATA-Like MADS-Box Genes"Journal of Plant Research. (accepted). (2004)

Seishiro Aoki、Koichi Uehara、Masao Imafuku、Mitsuyasu Hasebe、Motomi Ito：“从 APE TALA3 和 PISTILLATA 样 MADS-Box 基因推断的基础被子植物的系统发育和分化”植物研究杂志。

Seishiro Aoki, Koichi Uehara, Masao Imafuku, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Motomi Ito: "Phylogeny and Divergence of Basal Angiosperms Inferred from APETALA3-and PISTILLATA-Like MADS-Box Genes"Journal of Plant Research. 117・3(in press). (2004)

Seishiro Aoki、Koichi Uehara、Masao Imafuku、Mitsuyasu Hasebe、Motomi Ito：“从 APETALA3 和 PISTILLATA 样 MADS-Box 基因推断的基础被子植物的系统发育和分化”植物研究杂志 117・3（出版中）。 ）

Seishiro Aoki, Koichi Uehara, Masao Imafuku, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Motomi Ito: "Phylogeny and Divergence of Basal Angiosperms Inferred from APETALA3- and PISTILLATA-Like MADS-Box Genes"Journal of Plant Research. 117・3(in press). (2004)

Seishiro Aoki、Koichi Uehara、Masao Imafuku、Mitsuyasu Hasebe、Motomi Ito：“从 APETALA3 和 PISTILLATA 样 MADS-Box 基因推断的基础被子植物的系统发育和分化”植物研究杂志 117・3（出版中）。 ）