Molecular evolution of MADS genes, and origin and evolution of flowers

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Angiosperms is characteristic by having a flower which consists of sepals, petals, stamens and gynoecium. The merphology of flower is diversified in several lineages of angiosperms. The purpose of present study is clarified the origin of flower and its evolution. For this purpose, I have performed a cloning and analysis of MADS-box gene family which is very important in organogenesis of flower.From angiosperms, Magnolia, Houttuynia, Ranunculus, Anemone, and Clematis were selected as materials, and Ginkgo from gymnosperms. As a result using RT-PCR method, 15,12,14,10,13,5 clones of MADS-box genes are cloned from these plants respectively. These clones are determined their DNA sequences and I constructed phylogenetic tree of these genes together with the other known MADS-box genes. The tree indicated that the clones from the same plants do not make a monophyletic clade, but the sequences from the different plants clustered together. And in some gene group, the occurrence of gene duplication is suggested in the way of evolution from gymnosperms to angiosperms.