Studies in Reorganization and Reinforcement of the International Cooporative Networks after the End of Cold War

在本项目框架内的研究表明，从国际法的角度来看，全球化以“国际合作网络”的重组和加强的形式出现。伴随着与传统国际法框架的高度紧张，它们在各个领域发挥着进步和积极的作用，例如，人权事务委员会为人权的普遍适用所开展的活动，国际人道主义法中保护妇女免受性暴力的发展，《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决程序的稳步进展。另一方面，当我们看到以下现象时，对ICNs意识形态进行批判性审查的必要性已经得到了很好的说明：安理会非法使用武力和伪立法的事实上的授权，欧盟东扩过程中“民主”的象征性质，以及世界贸易组织框架内区域自由贸易协定的扩散等。个别（法律）专家在遵守国际标准方面发挥着越来越大的作用。人权和民主等传统上适用于国家社会的意识形态正在发挥更大的影响。从国际域名重组和加强的角度来看，目前国际法律秩序的特点是协调平等国家利益的纵向结构，而不是横向结构。换句话说，它变得更像公法。我们已经指出了这种结构变化对国际法基本理论的巨大影响，但在后一阶段应进一步分析。

The investigations in the framework of this project reveal that the globalization appears, from the viewpoint of the international law, in the form of the reorganization and reinforcement of the "international cooperative networks [ICNs]". Accompanying the high tension with the traditional framework of the international law, they play the progressive and positive role in various fields, for example, activities of the Human Rights Committee for the universal application of the human rights, developments of the protection of women from sexual violence in the international humanitarian law, steady progress of the dispute settlement procedure in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. On the other hand, the necessity of the critical review of the ICNs' ideology has been well indicated, when we see the phenomena, illustrated by the de facto authorizations of the illegal use of force and pseudo-legislation by the Security Council, the symbolic nature of 'democracy' in the process of the EU eastern enlargement, and the proliferation of regional free trade agreements in the WTO framework, etc.Within the ICNs, the individual (legal) experts play the growing role for the observance of the international standards. The ideologies, which have been traditionally applied in the national society, such as the human rights and democracy, are exercising the greater influence.The present international legal order, from the viewpoint of the reorganization and reinforcement of ICNs, is characterized by the vertical structure rather than the horizontal one for the coordination of the equal States' interests. In other words, it becomes more like the public law. We have already identified great impact of such structural change upon the basic theory of the international law, but it should be analyzed further in the latter stage.