Contending Conceptualizations of 'Civil Society' and Their Implications For Democracy and Peace in East Asia

这项研究的目的是评估在西方社会和历史背景下产生的“公民社会”概念在分析亚洲政治发展和冲突后局势时的有用性和适当性。研究进一步探讨了普及这一概念的可能性以及民间社会作为冲突解决进程结构性变化的一个因素的作用。项目成员在会议上和通过电子邮件交流意见，并对东帝汶、柬埔寨、斯里兰卡、阿富汗、中亚和韩国进行了实地考察。该项目与坦佩雷和平研究所举办了一次关于民间社会在解决冲突中的作用的联合讲习班。Tapri的邀请使人们有可能对欧洲和亚洲的案例进行比较观点和分析。该项目的报告是根据讲习班的成果编写的。该报告首先回顾了理论上的aspec…。在亚洲和安全的背景下，更多的是民间社会的演变。然后讨论了民间社会在冲突后建设和平和预防冲突方面的作用。它还分析了民间社会在援助政策制定过程中的发展。研究表明，民间社会在亚洲解决冲突和建设和平的案例中，捐助者(或国际行为者)和受益者(或当地社区)都强烈认识到民间社会的作用，尽管这是一个极其“西化”的概念。捐助者和当地社区之间总是存在摩擦的可能性，这源于当地社会规范和“西方”民间社会概念之间的差异。还应该指出的是，它们之间可能会出现依赖关系。然而，研究发现，民间社会在预防和解决冲突方面的作用日益重要，因为民间社会行为者以各种方式发挥重要作用，例如提供公共服务而不是薄弱的治理，以及为自发调解在社区之间建立沟通渠道。较少

The objective of this research was to assess the usefulness and appropriateness of the notion of 'civil society,' which emerged from the Western social and historical context, in the analyses of Asian political development and post-conflict situation. The research further looked into a possibility of universality of the notion as well as the role of civil society as a factor for structural changes in the conflict resolution process.Members of the project exchanged their views at meetings and through e-mail communications, and conducted field trips to East Timor, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Central Asia, South Korea. The project held a joint workshop with the Tampere Peace Research Institute (TAPRI) on the role of civil society in conflict resolution. The invitation of TAPRI made it possible to have comparative views and analyses between Europe and Asian cases. The report of the project was compiled based upon the fruits of the workshop. The report first reviewed theoretical aspec … More ts of evolution of civil society both in the Asian context and in the context of security. Then the roles of civil society at the post conflict peace-building as well as preventing conflict were discussed. It also analyzed the development of civil society in assistance policy formulation process.The research depicted that the role of civil society is strongly being aware of by both donors (or international actors) and beneficiaries (or local communities) in Asian cases of conflict resolution and peace building although it is an extremely 'western' notion. There is always a possibility of friction between donors and local communities, deriving from discrepancies between local social norms and a 'western' notion of civil society. It also should be pointed out a possible emergence of dependency relationship between them. However, the research found the increasing importance of the role of civil society in prevention and resolution of conflict as civil society actors play significant roles in various ways such as providing public services instead of weak governance and constructing communication channels between communities for spontaneous mediation. Less