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The Growth of Rural Industries in India and Burma from the 1920s to 1950s : A Statistical Analysis

20 世纪 20 年代至 1950 年代印度和缅甸农村工业的增长：统计分析

基本信息

批准号：
14330021
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Akio
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14330021/
关键词：
Southeast Asia India Burma Rural Industry Colonial Economy Female Labor Network 工業植民地

项目摘要

The purpose of the project was to prove the assumption that some small-scale and/or rural industries aimed at the domestic markets in India and Burma developed to some extent in 1930s while the export of agricultural products plunged.It had been considered that export-oriented industries, such as rice mills, groundnut oil mills and cotton ginning mills, declined during the tough period dating form 1920s in India, but Yanagisawa proved that these industries grew up in response to the increasing demand of local people.Kiyokawa focused on the technological development of ginning industry during the same period. He verified that employment of female laborers increased in the rural ginning mills according to the mechanization of the industry.Oishi pursued Muslim-Japanese networks in match industry form the late 19th century. Corresponding to the increase of custom duties in 1920s, Muslim merchants shifted from trades with Japanese to joint venture productions with Japanese, but those operations induced conflicts with local Hindu match producers. He analyzed this antagonism from the viewpoint of economic history as well as political economy.Takahashi tried the parallel data for Burma with the above. However, it was impossible to find and collect enough data to make the same analysis in the same period. It seems that Burma was too specialized in rice and teak production to develop rural industries other than rice mills. Development of rural industries in Burma from 1920s to 1950s remains unknown.Instead, Takahashi surveyed cottage industries in Burma and showed that some of them have developed under the socialist regime in spite of many difficulties in getting materials from abroad, finding markets and securing funds for business.

该项目的目的是证明这样一个假设，即在20世纪30年代，当农产品出口暴跌时，印度和缅甸的一些面向国内市场的小型和/或农村工业得到了一定程度的发展。人们认为，在印度自20世纪20年代以来的坚韧时期，出口导向型工业，如大米米尔斯厂、花生油米尔斯厂和轧棉米尔斯厂，都出现了衰退。但柳泽证明了这些产业是为了满足当地人民日益增长的需求而成长起来的。2清川在同一时期专注于轧花工业的技术发展。他证实，由于工业的机械化，农村的轧花米尔斯工厂雇用的女工增加了。大石从世纪后期开始在火柴工业中寻求穆斯林-日本网络。与20世纪20年代关税的增加相对应，穆斯林商人从与日本人的贸易转向与日本人的合资生产，但这些业务引发了与当地印度教火柴生产商的冲突。他从经济史和政治经济学的角度对这种对立进行了分析，并尝试用上述资料对缅甸进行了比较。然而，在同一时期不可能找到和收集足够的数据进行同样的分析。缅甸似乎过于专注于大米和柚木生产，以至于除了大米米尔斯之外，无法发展农村工业。20世纪20年代至50年代缅甸农村工业的发展情况尚不清楚，但高桥对缅甸家庭手工业的调查表明，其中一些家庭手工业在社会主义政权下发展起来，尽管从国外获得材料、寻找市场和获得商业资金存在许多困难。