Dispersion-controlled photonic waveguide with femtosecond laser micromacining

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The purpose of this research was (1) to develop the fundamental technique for the fabrication of photonic waveguides in silica glass using femtosecond laser pulses and (2) to generate supercontinuum operating at the repetition rate of 50-100 MHz.The results obtained in the research term are listed below.(1)Capillary Phenomenon in MicroChannelWhen the microchannel was in contact with water, the water flowed into the microchannel from the entrance and finally filled it completely. There were two phases in this rise of water: the first phase takes place very fast, within less than 0.2s after coming into contact with the water, and the second phase takes place slowly.(2)Fabrication of microchannelThe diameters of the channels correspondingly varied from 2 to 50 μm by varying the incident energy of femtosecond laser pulses.(3)Three-dimensional microchannelsThree-dimensional microchannels with ring structures were realized. Through-channels were fabricated in the sample thickness of 1 mm with the diameter of 50 μm.(4)Glass particleMicrochannels were fabricated with the formation of glass particles. We observed different types of particle.(5)Dispersion-controlled photonic waveguideMicrochannels were embedded with periodic structures in silica glass, however, the scattering loss was large.