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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION USING CAVITATION

利用空化来保护环境

基本信息

批准号：
14350097
负责人：
KATO Hiroharu
金额：
$ 9.02万
依托单位：
Toyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The high concentration of energy at the final stage of a cavitation bubble collapse causes very high pressure of more than 1 GPa. This sometime causes a detrimental effect to hydraulic machinery. However, we can use the high pressure for environmental protection. In this research project we performed the following 4 research subjects.1.Killing PlanktonAn abnormal increase in the amount of plankton in lakes and ponds can destroy their ecological environment. Another important subject is the discharge of ballast water from ocean-going ships. The ballast water contains plankton and fish eggs. They may destroy the ecological environment, when discharged thousands miles away from where they live. It was found that the cavitating jet with a target body was effective to killing plankton.2.Dispersing Spilled OilOil spill accidents have a disastrous effect on the ocean environment. Mechanical recovery of oil is the most desirable method. But, it can become difficult for various reasons, such as … More bad weather. The oil dipersion is the second-best solution, and dispersants are used. However, the dispersant may cause side effects. The dispersion of oil by cavitating jet is a unique and effective method, which was newly developed in the present project.3.Sterilization of BacteriaSterilization of bacteria has been one of the most important procedures in human life. Heating is the most popular and common method of sterilization. However, it needs considerable amount of energy, and sometimes the nature of the material to be sterilized becomes worse. Chemicals are other popular sterilization method, but the chemicals may cause side effects to human body. The cavitaing flow is effective for the sterilization of bacteria. We tested two different types of bacteria, the Bacillus Subtilis as a typical example of the Gram-positive bacteria, and the Escherichia Coli as a typical example of the Gram-negative bacteria.4.Oxidation of Organic CompoundsThe cavitating jet is also effective for oxidation of harmful organic compounds. We performed systematic experiments for four organic compounds, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, biphenyl, dibenzofuran, and dibenzo-p-dioxin. It was found that the decomposition rate increased almost linearly with increasing injection pressure and with decreasing cavitation number. Less

空化气泡破裂最后阶段的高能量集中会导致超过 1 GPa 的高压。这有时会对液压机械产生不利影响。然而，我们可以利用高压来保护环境。在本研究项目中，我们进行了以下4个研究课题：1.杀死浮游生物湖泊和池塘中浮游生物数量的异常增加会破坏其生态环境。另一个重要课题是远洋船舶压载水的排放。压载水中含有浮游生物和鱼卵。当它们被排放到远离居住地数千英里的地方时，可能会破坏生态环境。研究发现，空化射流对目标体具有杀灭浮游生物的作用。2.消散溢油溢油事故对海洋环境造成灾难性影响。机械采油是最理想的方法。但是，由于各种原因，例如恶劣天气，这可能会变得困难。油分散是次佳的解决方案，并使用分散剂。然而，分散剂可能会引起副作用。空化喷射分散油是本项目新开发的一种独特而有效的方法。3.细菌灭菌细菌灭菌已成为人类生活中最重要的程序之一。加热是最流行和最常见的灭菌方法。然而，它需要大量的能量，并且有时待灭菌材料的性质变得更差。化学物质是另一种流行的消毒方法，但化学物质可能会对人体产生副作用。空化流对于细菌的灭菌是有效的。我们测试了两种不同类型的细菌，枯草芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性菌的典型例子，大肠杆菌作为革兰氏阴性菌的典型例子。4.有机化合物的氧化空化射流对于有害有机化合物的氧化也很有效。我们对 1,4-二氯苯、联苯、二苯并呋喃和二苯并二恶英这四种有机化合物进行了系统实验。研究发现，随着注射压力的增加和空化数的减少，分解速率几乎呈线性增加。较少的