Environmental pollution by sex steroids and assessment for their effects on animals and plants

(1)污水处理水中检出17β-雌二醇（5 ~ 20 ng/l）和壬基酚（<0.1 ~ 0.3μg/l）。我们阐明了雌激素诱导的血管损伤和维甲酸诱导的血管生成的机制。(2)为了研究medaka雌激素受体是否可以作为内分泌干扰物的传感器，我们构建了一些含有修饰medaka雌激素受体的质粒，这些质粒可在酵母或植物细胞中使用。事实上，含有这种质粒的酵母细胞显示出高的雌激素敏感性（~ 0.1 nM）。还获得了含有这种质粒的植物细胞。(3)从蝌蚪孵化后第15天开始，暴露于交配水中的结合型和非结合型雌激素诱导蝌蚪从睾丸向卵巢转化32天。(4)卵巢黄体酮的产生受黄体酮和黄体酮自身的调节。外源孕酮影响胆固醇生物合成酶和孕酮受体等部分基因的表达。(5)建立了从家畜粪便中提取类固醇激素的实用方法。随后用ELISA法测定这些激素的浓度，从而监测动物的生殖功能。我们建议粪便中类固醇激素随粪便排泄而发生定性和定量的变化。

(1)17β-estradiol (5〜20 ng/l) and nonylphenol (<0.1〜0.3μg/l) were detected from sewage treatment water. We elucidated the mechanisms for estrogen-induced blood vessel damages and retinoic acid-induced vasculogenesis.(2)To examine whether the medaka estrogen receptor can serve as a sensor for endocrine disruptors, we constructed some plasmids which contained a modified medaka estrogen receptor available in yeast or plant cells. Indeed, yeast cells containing such plasmids showed a high estrogen-sensitivity (〜0.1 nM). Plant cells containing such plasmids were also obtained.(3)Transformation from the testis into the ovary was induced in the tadpole exposed to conjugated and unconjugated types of estrogens in breeding water from the 15^<th> day after hatching for 32 days. Testis-ovum was observed in the tadpole reared in the pond near the farm(4)Progesterone production in ovary was regulated by LH and progesterone itself. The exogenous progesterone affected some gene expression, such as cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and progesterone receptor(5)Practical method to extract steroid hormone from feces of domestic animals was established. Subsequent ELISA to measure the concentrations of these hormones enabled to monitor reproductive function of animals. We suggested the qualitative and quantitative changes of fecal steroid hormone following fecal excretion.