Study on development of protective measures of historical remains and stone monuments under outside environment

(1)在北海道历史村的历史建筑周围进行了气象观测。采用温度传感器和红外传感器测量墙体表面温度。还观察了壁的体积含水量。这些观察揭示了受损部分与环境条件之间的关系。还澄清说，南墙由于频繁的冻融循环而严重受损。(2)气象观测是在盛冈市的历史土墙周围进行的。通过对墙体含水率剖面和温度剖面的测量，分析了墙体劣化的主要原因。结果表明，土墙下部劣化程度高的原因是土墙含水量高。通过室内试验，研究了土样体积含水量与冻融破坏的关系。(3)研究了土和砖的电阻率与含水量的关系。结果表明，电测深法适用于土墙和砖墙的含水量测量。由于电测深法是一种非破坏性的技术，它是调查文化财产的一种很有前途的方法。(4)为了建立评价多孔材料抗冻性的标准试验方法，研制了多孔材料的冻胀试验装置。试验结果表明，半冻结区的冻胀率与温度梯度成正比。因此，在比较多孔材料的抗冻性时，需要得到冻结区的温度梯度。(5)我们提出了保护盛冈市历史土墙的措施。

(1) The meteorological bservation was carried out around historical buildings in Historical Village of Hokkaido. Temperature of wall surface was measured by temperature sensors and IR sensor. Volumetric water content of the wall was also observed. These observation revealed the relationship between the damaged part and the environmental conditions. It was also clarified that the south wall damaged severely due to the high frequency of freeze and thaw cycles.(2) The meteorological observation was carried out around historical earthen wall of Morioka City. The main cause of deterioration of earthen wall was investigated by the measurement of water content profile and temperature profile. It was revealed that the cause of high deterioration at the lower part of earthen wall was due to the high water content. Laboratory experiments were carried out to clarify the relationship between the frost deterioration and the volumetric water content of the soil sample.(3) Relationships between the electrical resistivity and water content of soil and brick were studied. It is shown that the electrical sounding method is applicable for the measurement of water content of earthen wall and brick wall. Since the electrical sounding method is non-destructive technique, it is quite promising method for investigating cultural properties.(4) In order to build up standard experimental method to evaluate the frost susceptibility of the porous material, frost heave test apparatus was made. The experimental results showed that the frost heave rate is proportional to the temperature gradient in the partially frozen zone. Therefore it is necessary to obtain the temperature gradient in the frozen zone when comparing the frost susceptibility of porous materials.(5) We proposed the protective measures for the historical earthen wall in Morioka City.