Study on development of protective measures of historical remains and stone monuments under outside environment

(1)围绕北海道历史村落的历史建筑进行气象观测。采用温度传感器和红外传感器对墙体表面温度进行测量。还观察了管壁的体积含水率。这些观察揭示了受损部位与环境条件的关系。并阐明了由于频繁的冻融循环，南墙破坏严重。(2)气象观测是围绕盛冈市历史土墙进行的。通过对土墙含水率剖面和温度剖面的测量，分析了土墙劣化的主要原因。结果表明，土墙下部高劣化的原因是含水率过高。通过室内试验研究了冻害与土样体积含水率的关系。(3)研究了土体和砖的电阻率与含水率的关系。结果表明，电测深法适用于土墙和砖墙的含水率测量。由于电测深法是一种无损技术，是一种非常有前景的培养特性研究方法。(4)为了建立评价多孔材料冻害敏感性的标准实验方法，研制了冻胀试验台。试验结果表明，部分冻结区的冻胀速率与温度梯度成正比。因此，在比较多孔材料的冻害敏感性时，有必要获得冻结区的温度梯度。(5)提出了盛冈市历史土墙的保护措施。

(1) The meteorological bservation was carried out around historical buildings in Historical Village of Hokkaido. Temperature of wall surface was measured by temperature sensors and IR sensor. Volumetric water content of the wall was also observed. These observation revealed the relationship between the damaged part and the environmental conditions. It was also clarified that the south wall damaged severely due to the high frequency of freeze and thaw cycles.(2) The meteorological observation was carried out around historical earthen wall of Morioka City. The main cause of deterioration of earthen wall was investigated by the measurement of water content profile and temperature profile. It was revealed that the cause of high deterioration at the lower part of earthen wall was due to the high water content. Laboratory experiments were carried out to clarify the relationship between the frost deterioration and the volumetric water content of the soil sample.(3) Relationships between the electrical resistivity and water content of soil and brick were studied. It is shown that the electrical sounding method is applicable for the measurement of water content of earthen wall and brick wall. Since the electrical sounding method is non-destructive technique, it is quite promising method for investigating cultural properties.(4) In order to build up standard experimental method to evaluate the frost susceptibility of the porous material, frost heave test apparatus was made. The experimental results showed that the frost heave rate is proportional to the temperature gradient in the partially frozen zone. Therefore it is necessary to obtain the temperature gradient in the frozen zone when comparing the frost susceptibility of porous materials.(5) We proposed the protective measures for the historical earthen wall in Morioka City.