Study on physical properties of materials related to the deterioration of stone monuments and brick buildings.

(1)研制了测量砖砂浆保湿曲线和非饱和导水率的实验装置。用于历史砖建筑和纪念碑的砖和砂浆的保湿曲线和水力导率。结果表明，在一定吸力条件下，砂浆含水率高于砖含水率。砂浆的非饱和导电性高于砖。利用实测数据，利用有限元软件对历史砖石建筑和纪念物的水情进行了计算。这些研究发表在《保护科学》第38、39期，并在盐湖城举行的美国科学协会会议上报告。(2)测量了历史遗址的石头、砖和压实土的粒度分布、孔径分布和比表面积等与材料劣化有关的物理性质。(3)研制了用于研究建筑材料冻胀敏感性的冻胀试验装置。实验结果表明，冰透镜偏析率与样品冻结区温度梯度有关。提出了一种简单的材料冻敏性评价方法。这一研究结果发表在《自然保护科学》第40期。(4)对日本传统土墙的冻坏机理进行了研究。测定了组合土的冻结温度、保水曲线和冻胀特性。试验结果表明，表层比内层更不容易受霜冻的影响，但当含水率超过临界水平时，劣化过程迅速进行。这些研究表明，获取材料的物理性质对于制定适当的对策以减少文物变质过程的重要性。

(1) Experimental apparatuses were developed to measure moisture retention curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of brick and mortar. The moisture retention curve and hydraulic conductivities of brick and mortar used for historical brick buildings and monuments. The measured results showed that the water content is higher for mortar than that for brick at a given water suction. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is higher for mortar than that for brick. The water regime of historical brick buildings and monuments was calculated with finite element method software using measured data. These study were published in Sciencefor Conservation 38,39 and reported at the ASA meeting in Salt Lake City.(2) Physical properties, such as grain size distribution, pore size distribution and specific surface area of stone, brick and compacted soil taken from historical sites were measured and related to the deterioration of the materials.(3) The frost heave test apparatus was developed to study the frost susceptibility of building materials. The experimental results showed the ice lens segregation rate is related to the temperature gradient in the frozen zone of the sample. A simple evaluation method of frost susceptibility of material was proposed. This result was published in Science for Conservation, 40.(4) Mechanism of frost deterioration of Japanese traditional earthen wall was studied. The freezing temperature, water retention curve and frost heave characteristic of composing soil were measured. The experiments showed that the surface layer was less frost susceptible than the inner layer, but if the water content exceeded a critical level, the deterioration process proceeded quickly. These studies revealed the importance of obtaining physical properties of materials to build up suitable counter measures for reducing deterioration process of cultural properties.