Comparative study on Ecosystem Management in the Developed Countries

发达国家生态系统管理比较研究

• 批准号: 11691058
• 负责人: HATAKEYAMA Takemichi
• 金额: $ 6.78万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691058/
• 关键词: ecosystem management; rural landscape; forest policy; nature protection; biodiversity conservation; watershed conservation; 流域保全; 法制度; 社会; スウェーデン; アメリカ合衆国; EU; フランス; 生態系保全; 土地利用計画; 分権的環境管理; フィンランド環境政策; スウェーデン環境政策; フランス環境政策; 生態系; エコシステム

Ecosystem based management in the developed countries were investigated both on institutional and field level. Followings were major findings of the research : (1) In many of the countries, traditional landscape and/or life was considered to be important and conservation measures were involved in natural resource management policy, (2) Voluntary measures was encouraged and effectively combined with administrative activities. For example, Finnish forestry administration and forest owners were jointly established regional certification system in which forest certification and ecosystem based forest policy were tried to establish on the same platform (3) Decentralization was effective tool for ecosystem based management. Most of the countries were kept natural resource management issues as authority of national government and delegate power to regional office. On the contrary, New Zealand delegates most of the authority of natural resource management policy to local government. Local government with good financial and human resources could cope with this reform and implement integrated and community base natural resource management. (4) International program for resource management was also begun to implementing. EU has developed policy to develop network of protected area among member nation.

从机构和实地两个层面对发达国家的生态系统管理进行了调查。研究的主要结果如下：（1）在许多国家，传统景观和/或生活被认为是重要的，保护措施被纳入自然资源管理政策，（2）鼓励自愿措施，并有效地与行政活动相结合。例如，芬兰林业管理部门和森林所有者联合建立了区域认证体系，试图将森林认证和基于生态系统的森林政策建立在同一平台上。（3）权力下放是基于生态系统的管理的有效工具。大多数国家将自然资源管理问题作为国家政府的权力，并将权力下放给区域办事处。相反，新西兰将自然资源管理政策的大部分权力下放给地方政府。拥有良好财力和人力资源的地方政府可以科普这一改革，并实施以社区为基础的综合自然资源管理。(4)国际资源管理计划也开始实施。欧盟已经制定了在成员国之间发展保护区网络的政策。

项目成果

Tsuchiya, Toshiyuki: "Does forest policy really shift to Environmental policy?"Considering Japanese Forest. 11, (in printing). (2002)

土屋敏之：“森林政策真的转向环境政策吗？”考虑日本森林。

臼杵知史: "地球環境保護条約における履行確保の制度"世界法学会・世界法年報. 19. 72-97 (2000)

Satoshi Usuki：“确保全球环境保护公约实施的制度”世界法学会/世界法年度报告 19. 72-97 (2000)。

柿澤 宏昭: "日本の森林管理においてエコシステムマネジメントを実現するために"国際景観学会日本支部会報. 6巻1号. 31-36 (2001)

Hiroaki Kakizawa：“在日本森林管理中实现生态系统管理”国际景观协会日本分会公告第 6 卷第 1. 31-36 卷（2001 年）。

Hatakeyama, Takemichi: "Nature Protection Law"Hokkaido University press.

畠山竹道：《自然保护法》北海道大学出版社。

亘理 格: "フランスのPFI的手法-「公役務の委任」(delegation de servicepublic)を素材に-"会計検査研究. 25号. 119-139 (2002)

Takashi Watari：“法国的 PFI 方法 - 基于‘公共服务委托’-”《会计审计研究》第 25 期。119-139 (2002)。