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Research on New Policy Initiatives in the Era toward Decentralization

分权时代新政策举措研究

基本信息

批准号：
10420003
负责人：
HATAKEYAMA Takemichi
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research examined the merits and demerits of a variety of policy initiatives which have been developed and implemented under circumstances in which the move toward decentralization has been accelerated. It focuses upon such dimensions as 1. financial management; 2. project evaluation; and 3. waste management. Through an analysis of a great deal of first-handed material collected by visiting related agencies and conducting interviews, we have secured a variety of new insights including the following.First we have determined that local governments should not only develop such new policy initiatives as project evaluation systems but also deliberate on what kinds of financial difficulties they would face pertaining to the implementation of these new policy initiatives. Secondly, we have found that (1) the limited scope of environmental impact assessment has influenced recent development of project evaluation systems; (2) while many local governments have established so-called project evaluation process, few projects have so far been stopped; (3) the small number of public works projects that have been stopped through the process could be attributed partly to the lack of resources of the bodies that are responsible for the administration of the process; and (4) the merit of the project evaluation process has been limited to its role in providing related information to citizens. Finally, we have found that, by leaving more to local governments' discretion, the recent amendment to the Waste Disposal Act in 1997 has strengthened the power of local governments particularly in their judging whether the construction of waste disposal facilities should be permitted.

这项研究审查了在权力下放进程加快的情况下制定和实施的各种政策倡议的优缺点。它侧重于这样的维度，如1。财务管理; 2.项目评估; 3.废物管理。通过对访问相关机构收集的大量第一手资料进行分析和访谈，我们得出了以下新见解：首先，地方政府不仅要制定项目评估制度等新的政策举措，还要考虑在实施这些新政策举措时会遇到哪些财政困难。其次，我们发现：（1）环境影响评价的范围有限，影响了项目评价体系的发展;（2）虽然许多地方政府建立了所谓的项目评价程序，但很少有项目被叫停;（三）通过这一程序而停止的公共工程项目数量很少，部分原因可能是这些机构缺乏资源。（4）项目评估过程的优点仅限于其向公民提供相关信息的作用。最后，我们发现，最近1997年的《废弃物处理法》修正案，通过赋予地方政府更多的自由裁量权，特别是加强了地方政府判断是否允许建设废弃物处理设施的权力。