Female migrant workers in Coastal China : Employment and Lifestyles

本研究的目的是比较不同管理制度下中国沿海地区女性农民工的就业和生活方式。特别是，这项研究以广东省的三家电子公司为对象，利用我们的访谈和问卷调查的数据，对女性农民工的就业和条件进行了比较和讨论。我们的研究结果总结如下：1.从管理的角度来看，深圳A公司呈现出一种具有日本特色的稳定的管理模式。他们创建了一个系统，使中层管理人员和公司内部分层能够得到稳定的采购。他们在整个公司实现了稳定的增长。公司B的管理层追求变革。他们越来越依赖当地劳动力作为资源，采用了符合当地文化和做法的管理方式，并从女工那里获得了更高的生产率。公司C展示了扩展的…采用更多的扩张模式，利用“跨国”人力资源，依靠合资生产，利用税收优惠政策节约成本。在用工方面，A公司在日常工作中主要采用三班制。公司B和C采用两班制加班。工资差距的中位数为200元，工资是影响工人工作满意度的重要因素，因为工人的能力可以通过工资来体现。加班侵占了空闲时间的长度，我们可以看出公司在获得新的休闲知识和对农民工整体生活方式的评价方面存在细微的差异。但总体而言，女性农民工对自己的经历给予了积极评价。当从性别和对男女不平等的看法来比较这三家公司时，B公司在薪酬和奖金方面与其他两家公司存在显著差异，但在其他方面，我们不一定能看到显著差异。然而，在A公司，我们可以直接比较男性和女性工人，在职业类型上有显著的差异，我们可以说这本身就表明了按性别进行的劳动分工。较少

The objective of this research was to compare aspects of female migrant workers' employment and lifestyles in the coastal areas of China, under differing management regimes. In particular, the research took up three electronics firms in Guangdong Province, comparing and discussing the employment and conditions of female migrant workers, using data from our interviews and questionnaire surveys. We summarize our findings as follows :1. From the perspective of management, Firm A in Shenzhen exhibited a stable pattern of management with several Japanese features. They had created a system that enabled a stable procurement of middle managers and in-firm stratification. They had achieved a stable growth throughout the firm. Firm B's management pursued change. Relying increasingly on local labor for their resources, they employed a management style befitting the cultures and practices of the locality and achieved increased productivity from their female workers. Company C exhibited an extende … More d expansion pattern and makes use of 'transnational' human resources, carrying out cost savings by making use of favorable tax policies through reliance on joint-venture production.2. In terms of employment, Firm A mainly utilized a three-shift system with daily work. Firms B and C employed two-shift systems with overtime. There was a median gap of 200 yuan in the pay, and wages were a significant factor in workers' job satisfaction insofar as the workers' ability could be demonstrated through the wage. Overtime encroached on the length of free time, and we could discern slight differences among firms vis a vis the acquisition of a new knowledge of leisure and the evaluation of the migrant worker lifestyle overall. In all, however, female migrant workers evaluated their experiences positively.3. When comparing these three firms in terms of gender and perceptions of inequality between men and women, there were significant differences between Firm B and the other two firms as regards pay and bonus, but on other aspects, we could not necessarily see a significant difference. However, in Firm A where we could directly compare male and female workers, there was a significant difference in type of occupation, of which we could say in itself demonstrated a division of labor by sex. Less