ARCHED-ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF CHESTNUT NUTS AND WOOD AND REGENERATION OF CHESTNUT RESOURCES DURING JOMON PERIOD

众所周知，板栗不仅是日本柔门时期人们最重要的食物资源，也是最重要的木材资源。砍伐木材资源从根本上讲是获取坚果作为食物的矛盾，柔门人如何解决这两个目的的冲突是本项目的主题。在本州北部天然次生林中，板栗为378~558株/公顷，断面积为14.8~55.1平方米/公顷。其次，对板栗采伐后如何恢复进行了研究。在所罗门人用石斧砍伐木材的同时，我们也尝试用石斧和链锯来砍伐树木，以比较不同切割工具的恢复过程。结果表明，如果只从自然林中砍伐板栗，几乎没有或很少有新的板栗生长。第三，我们研究了现代森林和挖掘出的板栗木材的年轮生长规律。天然林年轮生长较慢，次生林年轮生长较快，人工板栗年轮生长较快。挖掘出的板栗树大部分生长较快，有的生长很快，少数极大的挖掘树干(直径约50 cm)生长很慢。因此，可以说，大多数用于建房的木材来自次生林或人工培育的树木，而大结构的木材可能来自天然林。第四，我们建立了一种DNA分析方法--SSR(Single Sequence Repeat)标记，用于分析挖掘出的板栗的DNA，并与最近发现的板栗进行比较。虽然我们可以识别这些材料中DNA的存在，但还没有成功。这将需要为进一步的研究开发技术流程

It is well known that the chestnut is not only the most important food resource but also timber resources for people of the Jomon Period in Japan. To cut trees for wood resource is fundamentally conflict to get nuts for food, How the Jomon people resolved the conflicting two purposes is the main theme of this projectFor the purpose, we firstly researched how amounts of chestnut trees are in natural forests. It was come to appear that chestnut is 378-558 trees / hectare, 14.8-55.1 square meter of basal area /hectare in natural secondary forest of northern Honshu. Secondary, we researched how the chestnut trees are recovered after timber cutting. As the Jomon peoples cut timbers by stone axes, we also tried to cut trees by stone axes and chain saw for comparing the recovery process by the different cutting tool. It became appear that if we cut chestnut trees only from nature forests, there are no or very few new chestnut trees would be grownThirdly we examined annual ring growth pattern of chestnut trees in recent forests and excavated chestnut wood. The annual ring growth is very slow in natural forests, fairly fast in secondary forests, and very fast in cultured chestnut trees. Most of excavated chestnut trees showed fairly fist growth and some are very fast growth, while few, very large excavated tree trunks (about 50 cm in diameter) showed very slow growth. As a result, it may said that most timbers used for house making were obtained from the secondary forests or from cultivated trees, while those of large constructicn might be obtained from nature forestsAs the forth, we developed a DNA analyzing method, SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) maker, for analyzing DNA of excavated chestnut and compare with the recent chestnuts. Although we could recognize the presence of DNA in those materials, but do not yet success. It will be required to develop technical process for further researches