ARCHED-ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF CHESTNUT NUTS AND WOOD AND REGENERATION OF CHESTNUT RESOURCES DURING JOMON PERIOD

绳文时期板栗坚果与木材的利用及板栗资源再生的生态学研究

• 批准号: 12410103
• 负责人: SUZUKI Mitsuo
• 金额: $ 6.34万
• 依托单位: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12410103/
• 关键词: Castanea crenata; chestnut; Jomon Period; regeneration of resources; DNA divesification

It is well known that the chestnut is not only the most important food resource but also timber resources for people of the Jomon Period in Japan. To cut trees for wood resource is fundamentally conflict to get nuts for food, How the Jomon people resolved the conflicting two purposes is the main theme of this projectFor the purpose, we firstly researched how amounts of chestnut trees are in natural forests. It was come to appear that chestnut is 378-558 trees / hectare, 14.8-55.1 square meter of basal area /hectare in natural secondary forest of northern Honshu. Secondary, we researched how the chestnut trees are recovered after timber cutting. As the Jomon peoples cut timbers by stone axes, we also tried to cut trees by stone axes and chain saw for comparing the recovery process by the different cutting tool. It became appear that if we cut chestnut trees only from nature forests, there are no or very few new chestnut trees would be grownThirdly we examined annual ring growth pattern of chestnut trees in recent forests and excavated chestnut wood. The annual ring growth is very slow in natural forests, fairly fast in secondary forests, and very fast in cultured chestnut trees. Most of excavated chestnut trees showed fairly fist growth and some are very fast growth, while few, very large excavated tree trunks (about 50 cm in diameter) showed very slow growth. As a result, it may said that most timbers used for house making were obtained from the secondary forests or from cultivated trees, while those of large constructicn might be obtained from nature forestsAs the forth, we developed a DNA analyzing method, SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) maker, for analyzing DNA of excavated chestnut and compare with the recent chestnuts. Although we could recognize the presence of DNA in those materials, but do not yet success. It will be required to develop technical process for further researches

众所周知，板栗不仅是日本绳文时代人们最重要的食物资源，也是木材资源。为了获取木材资源而砍伐树木与获取坚果作为食物本质上是冲突的，绳文人如何解决这两个相互冲突的目的是本项目的主题。为此，我们首先研究了天然森林中板栗树的数量。在本州岛北部的天然次生林中，板栗树数为378-558棵/公顷，断面积14.8-55.1平方米/公顷。其次，我们研究了木材砍伐后如何恢复板栗树。正如绳文人用石斧砍伐木材一样，我们也尝试用石斧和链锯砍伐树木，以比较不同切削工具的恢复过程。看来，如果我们只从天然森林中砍伐板栗树，就不会或很少会长出新的板栗树。第三，我们检查了最近森林中板栗树的年轮生长模式和挖掘的板栗木。天然林的年轮生长非常缓慢，次生林的年轮生长相当快，栽培板栗树的年轮生长非常快。出土的板栗树大多生长较快，有的生长速度较快，少数较大的出土树干（直径约50厘米）生长速度较慢。因此，可以说，大多数用于建造房屋的木材都是从次生林或人工栽培树木中获得的，而大型建筑的木材可能是从天然森林中获得的。 第四，我们开发了一种 DNA 分析方法，SSR（单序列重复）标记器，用于分析挖掘的板栗的 DNA 并与最近的板栗进行比较。虽然我们可以识别这些材料中 DNA 的存在，但尚未成功。需要开发技术流程以供进一步研究

项目成果

Acharya, N., Yonekura, K., Suzuki, M.: "A new species and a new variety of Boehmeria (Urticacecae) from the Himalaya with special reference to the status of B.pendulifolia We Ex RG. Lon"Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 53. 1-9 (2002)

Acharya, N.、Yonekura, K.、Suzuki, M.：“来自喜马拉雅山的 Boehmeria（荨麻科）的新物种和新变种，特别提到 B.pendulifolia We Ex RG. Lon 的状况”Acta Phytotax。

Noshiro, S. & Suzuki, M.: "Ontogenetic wood anatomy of tree and suburee speceis of Nepalese Rhododendron (Ericaceae) and characterization of shrub species"American Journal of Botany. 88. 560-569 (2001)

能代，S.

Noshiro, S., Suzuki, M.Tsuji, S.: "Three buried forests of the Last Glacial Stage and middle Holocene at Ooyazawa on northern Honshu Island of Japan"Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol.. 122. 155-169 (2002)

Noshiro, S.、Suzuki, M.Tsuji, S.：“日本本州岛北部大谷泽的末次冰期和全新世中期的三座埋藏森林”Rev.

Motomura, H., Mita, N.Suzuki, M.: "Silica accumulation in long-lived leaves of Sasa reitchii (carriere) Rheder (Poaceae-Bambusoideae)"Annals of Botany. 90. 149-152 (2002)

Motomura，H.，Mita，N.Suzuki，M.：“Sasa reitchii (carrere) Rheder (Poaceae-Bambusoideae) 长寿叶中二氧化硅的积累”植物学年鉴。

Noshiro, S., Suzuki, M., Tsuji, S.: "Three buried forests of the Last Glacial Stage and middle Holocene at Ooyazawa on northern Honshu Island of Japan"Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol.. 122. 155-169 (2002)

Noshiro, S.、Suzuki, M.、Tsuji, S.：“日本本州岛北部大谷泽的末次冰期和全新世中期的三座埋藏森林”Rev.