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The spread and unfolding of ancient iron forging technique in East Asia

古代锻铁技术在东亚的传播与展开

基本信息

批准号：
12410105
负责人：
FURUSE Kiyohide
金额：
$ 6.78万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In ancient China, iron industry was highly-developed since the Age of the Warring States. So, they had high level technique about iron smelting and forging. They made plenty of cast iron by using melting furnace with a intense heat.As iron smelting in ancient China mainly deals with cast iron, so we can find plenty of remains of having relations with casting, for example molds and melting furnaces at the archaeological sites of smelting iron. They made steel out of cast iron making full use of heat treatment techniques. And they made a large quantity of iron articles out of steel at smithies.In ancient Korea, especialy southern part of Korea having relations with ancient Japan, people lived there imported iron smelting and forjing technique from ancient China. But it was not include carbon reduction technique by heat treatment, so ancient Korean people did not make steel out of cast iron.In ancient Japan, iron articles were used since the Yayoi period. At the first almost all the articles were made in China and Korea, and then at last at the middle of the Yayoi period Yayoi people bigan to forge iron imported from China and Korea. But they did not only have chinese advanced iron forging technique but also they did not have korean technique. Eventually ancient Japanese iron industry was backward as compared with China and Korea.The following is the flow chart of the developing process of the iron industry in ancient East Asia. As if it is a river, the spread of iron forging technique flows gradually from the west to the east but simultaneously the level of the technique is going down.China iron ore - cast iron - steel and casting iron articles - iron articles and casting iron articles given carbon reduction.Korea iron ore - wrought iron(mainly) and cast iron - steel and casting iron articles - iron articles(and casting iron articles)Japan iron ore and iron sand(mainly) - wrought iron - steel - iron articles

古代中国，战国以来，铁业高度发达。因此，他们拥有很高的炼铁和锻造技术。由于古代中国的炼铁主要与铸铁有关，因此我们可以在炼铁考古遗址中发现大量与铸造有关的遗迹，如模具和熔炉。他们充分利用热处理技术，用铸铁炼钢。在古代朝鲜，特别是与古代日本有联系的朝鲜南部地区，人们从古代中国那里进口炼铁和锻造技术。但它不包括通过热处理的碳还原技术，所以古代朝鲜人不用铸铁炼钢。在古代日本，从弥生时期就开始使用铁器。起初，几乎所有的物品都是中国和韩国制造的，最后在弥合时期中期，雅瑶人比干锻造从中国和韩国进口的铁。但他们不仅有中国先进的锻造技术，而且没有韩国的技术。与中国和韩国相比，古代日本的钢铁工业最终是落后的。以下是古代东亚钢铁工业发展过程的流程图。中国铁矿石--铸钢、铸铁件--铁件、铸铁件降碳；韩国铁矿石--锻铁(主要)、铸铁--钢件、铸铁件--铁件(和铸铁件)-日本铁矿石、铁砂(主要)