The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Reimport on the Domestic Employment

本文以日本经济产业结构与活动(METI)为基础，利用1992-1999年的企业面板数据，研究了外商投资对国内制造业和机械工业从业人员增长、实际增加值和劳动生产率的影响。我们用两阶段Heckit估计法估计了员工增长率、增加值和生产率的方程，该方法允许通过观测年份的变化效应。(1)在亚洲有生产子公司的公司，前5年的国内就业增长率低于没有子公司的公司，但6年后的增长率高于没有子公司的公司。(2)有境外子公司的公司实际增加值和劳动生产率的增长速度比没有境外子公司的公司更快。(3)即使在剔除劳动生产率和销售利润比率的差异后，有外资子公司的公司在开放补贴5年后的就业增长率也高于没有外资子公司的公司。(4)尽管劳动生产率增长率较高，但设立外资子公司的公司并没有表现出较高的工资增长率。

We made the firm panel data 1992-99 based on Japanese Business Structure and Activities (METI) and studied the effect of the foreign investment on the growth of the employees, the real added value, and the labor productivity in domestic manufacturing industry and machinery, industry. We estimated the equations for the growth rate of employees, added value, and productivity by two stage Heckit estimation method which allowed the changeable effects through the observed years.As results, we concluded the following 4 points. (1) The companies which have their production subsidiaries in Asia have lower domestic employment growth rate than those without subsidiaries in the first 5 years but have higher growth rate after 6 years. (2) The companies with foreign subsidiaries increase the real added value and labor productivity more rapidly than those without foreign subsidiaries. (3) Even after excluding the difference in the labor productivity and the ratio of profit for sale, the employment growth rates in the companies with foreign subsidiaries is higher than those without foreign subsidiaries after 5 years since they opened their subsidies. (4) The companies with foreign subsidiaries show no evidence to have higher wage growth rate regardless of high labor productivity growth.