Central mechanism of visual-vestibular interaction

我们使用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)来研究前庭-视觉相互作用的皮质和皮质下的相关性。前庭冷热刺激激活双侧顶下小叶(Brodmann区，BA 40)、左侧后脑岛、右侧中央后回(BA3/1/2)、右侧楔前叶(BA7)、右侧梭形回(BA37/19)、左侧海马回(BA30)、扣带回前回(BA24)和左侧尾状核。热性眼球震颤的注视抑制激活双侧视区(BA17/18/19/37)、左侧梭形回(BA20)、双侧颞尖(BA38)、右侧颞中回(BA22)和右侧额叶视野周围区(BA6)。在小脑中，发现悬垂/小结和双侧小叶的激活。前庭活动激活的区域包括左侧中央后回(BA3/1/2)、右侧前颞叶(BA38)、左侧舌回(BA19)、右侧扣带前回(BA32)以及小脑的悬垂/小结。对热性眼球震颤表现出显著协同激活和注视抑制作用的区域是右侧前颞叶皮质(BA38)、左侧舌回(BA19)和小脑悬雍垂/小脑小结。双侧顶下小叶(BA40)和双侧颞上回(BA22/42)对热性眼球震颤的习惯化和注视抑制有显著的代码失活作用。我们的结果与之前的观察结果一致，并与前庭信息可以与其他感觉和声觉-运动信息结合使用的预期一致。卡路里眼球震颤的注视抑制和习惯化共同激活了几个区域，这表明这两种调节VOR的机制并不是完全独立的，但可能共享一些皮质和皮质下区域。

We used positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate cortical and sub-cortical correlates of vestibulo-visual interaction. Caloric vestibular stimulation activated the bilateral inferior parietal lobules (Brodmann area (BA) 40), the left posterior insula, right post-central gyrus (BA 3/1/2), the right precuneus (BA 7), the right fusiform gyrus (BA 37/19), the left hippocampal gyrus (BA 30), the anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24), and the left caudate nucleus. Fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus activated the bilateral visual areas (BA 17/18/19/37), the left fusiform gyrus (BA 20), the bilateral temporal tips (BA 38), the right middle temporal gyrus (BA22), and the area around the right frontal eye field (BA 6). In the cerebellum, activation of the uvula/nodulus and the bilateral flocculi was identified. The regions that were activated with vestibular habitation were the left post-central gyrus (BA 3/1/2), the right anterior temporal cortex (BA 38), the left lingual gyrus (BA 19), and the right anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 32), and the uvula/nodulus in the cerebellum. The regions that showed significant co-activation with habitation and fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus were the right anterior temporal cortex (BA 38), the left lingual gyrus (BA 19) and the uvula/nodulus of the cerebellum. Regions that showed significant codeactivation with habituation and fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus were the bilateral inferior parietal lobules (BA 40) and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (BA 22/42). Our results are consistent with previous observations, and are in line with the expectation that vestibular information may be used incorporated with other sensory and sonsori-motor information. Fixation suppression and habituation of caloric nystagmus jointly activated several regions, suggesting that that these two mechanisms that modulate VOR are not completely independent but may share some cortical and sub-cortical regions in common.