Effects of profound deafness on the plasticity of central auditory system

重度耳聋对中枢听觉系统可塑性的影响

• 批准号: 07457399
• 负责人: NAITO Yasushi
• 金额: $ 2.88万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07457399/
• 关键词: cochlear implant; PET; speech recognition; auditoy cortex; neuronal activities; profound deafness; 聴覚中枢; 高度難聴; 発達; 可塑性; ポジトロン断層法; 脳磁図

Brain activities in three regions of interest during noise and speech sound hearing were measured in post-and prelingually deaf cochlear implant users and in normal subjects by using positron emission tomography (PET). In normal and postlingually deaf subjects, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the primary auditory area increased by about 10% with noise or speech sound hearing. Only speech sound increased rCBF in the auditory association area ; 2% rCBF increase for noise and 9 to 16% rCBF increase for speech stimulation. Consequently, it was suggested that the auditory association area is involved in speech sound recognition, and that postlingually deaf cochlear implant users may be using normal language networks in the auditory association area. In prelingually deaf cochlear implant users, on the other hand, both noise and speech induced rCBF increase in the primary auditory area was lower than in normal or postlingually deaf subjects ranging from 3 to 6%, and speech activation in the auditory association area was much less than in the oher two groups ranging from 1 to 3%. Development of neural networks in the central auditory cortex may be incomplete or take different courses if the subjects lose hearing in early life. Networks for spoken language recognition may not develop normally without appropriate speech sound stimulation during so called speech acquisition period. It has been reported that prelingually deaf infants who received cochlear implant around the age of 2 and 3 acquire good recognition and production of speech. Whether cortical language networks in such children develop normally or not may be elucidated in the future PET study.

采用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)技术，对人工耳蜗术后、语前聋患者和正常受试者在噪声和语音听力过程中三个感兴趣区的脑活动进行了测量。在正常和语后聋受试者中，当听到噪声或语音时，初级听区的局部脑血流量(RCBF)增加约10%。只有语音增加了听觉关联区的rCBF，噪声增加了2%的rCBF，语音刺激增加了9%~16%的rCBF。因此，我们认为听觉关联区参与了语音识别，语后聋人工耳蜗者可能正在使用听觉关联区的正常语言网络。而在语前聋人工耳蜗组，噪声和言语引起的初级听区rCBF增加幅度均低于正常或语后聋组，分别为3%~6%和1%~3%，而听觉联想区的言语激活率明显低于两者。如果受试者在早期失去听力，中央听觉皮质神经网络的发育可能不完整或采取不同的过程。在所谓的语音获取期间，如果没有适当的语音刺激，用于口语识别的网络可能不会正常发展。据报道，在2岁和3岁左右接受人工耳蜗术的语前聋儿获得了良好的语音识别和产生能力。这类儿童的皮质语言网络是否发育正常，可能会在未来的PET研究中得到阐明。

项目成果

内藤泰、本庄巌、高橋晴雄他: "小児人工内耳のためのCTによる側頭骨計測" 耳鼻臨床. 88. 715-720 (1995)

Yasushi Naito、Iwao Honjo、Haruo Takahashi 等人：“使用 CT 进行颞骨测量用于儿科耳蜗植入”Otorhinolaryngology 88. 715-720 (1995)。

Hirano S, Naito Y, Okazawa H, et al.: "Cortical activation by monaural speech sound stimulation demonstrated by positron emission tomography." Exp Brain Res. 113. 75-80 (1997)

Hirano S、Naito Y、Okazawa H 等人：“正电子发射断层扫描证明单耳语音刺激的皮质激活。”

内藤泰: "耳鼻咽喉科・頭頸部外科クリニカルトレンド" 中山書店、東京, 2 (1996)

内藤靖：“耳鼻喉科/头颈外科的临床趋势”，中山书店，东京，2 (1996)

Yasushi Naito, Takashi Nagamine, Nobuya Fujiki, Yosaku Shiomi, Hiroshi Shibasaki, Iwao Honjo: "Effects of hearing impairment or tinnitus on auditory cortices evaluated by magnetoencephalogram" Trans Tech Com Psycho Physio Acoust. H-97. 1-7 (1997)

Yasushi Naito、Takashi Nagamine、Nobuya Fujiki、Yosaku Shiomi、Hiroshi Shibasaki、Iwao Honjo：“通过脑磁图评估听力损伤或耳鸣对听觉皮层的影响” Trans Tech Com Psycho Physio Acoust。

Yasushi Naito, Hidehiko Okazawa, Iwao Honjo, Shigeru Hrano, Haruo Tkahashi, Yosaku Shiomi, Waka Hoji, Michio Kawano, Koichi Ishizu, Yoshiharu Yonekura: "Cortical activation with sound stimulation in cochlear implant users demonstrated by Positron Emission

Yasushi Naito、Hidehiko Okazawa、Iwao Honjo、Shigeru Hrano、Haruo Tkahashi、Yosaku Shiomi、Waka Hoji、Michio Kawano、Koichi Ishizu、Yoshiharu Yonekura：“通过正电子发射证明人工耳蜗植入者的声音刺激皮质激活