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Development of Evaluating Method for Water-Stress Tolerance and Its Application to Crop Varieties Selectiond

耐水逆性评价方法的建立及其在作物品种选育中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
12556009
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Sunao
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University (2001)The University of Tokyo (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Water stresses, such as drought, high salinity, high and low temperature and other water deficits, are the most serious problem for plant growth, especially crop production. Under the circumstances of rapidly growing human population and the acoompanying food crisis in the 21^<st> century, the enhancement of crop production is the first requisite to overcome this problem. For this purpose, it is actually required to cultivate crop plants even under unfavorable conditions, like arid and saline areas, where water stress is high and agricultural productivity is quite low.In recent years selection of crop varieties which are adaptable to such arid and saline area has been continuing worldwide However, it takes very long period, usually several years, to find the best cultivar among the dwerse varieties. It therefore arises another problem, how to shorten this time-consuming process, for the encountering demand of enhancement offood production.From the standpoint of biological adaptation to … More the environmert, some plants are tolerant to such environmental stresses. They induce osmoregulating compounds to mahtain the tugor pressure inside the cells against osmotic pressure outside. To distinguish stress-tolerant varieties, the authors aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive analytical method to determine the osmoregulating compounds induced under stressed conditions. For this pursose, we developed capillary electrophoresis and applied it toj the determination ofbetames and other compatible solutes appeared in cytoplasm of many plant species. We found the correlation between the salt-stress and the concentration of osraoprotectants in many plants colle :ted in the actual saline area of northern China Barley varieties whose stress-tolerance were genetically established were cultivated under stressed and unstressed conditions and were analyzed by our method. The correlation was also confirmed. From these results we propose the new determination method for compatible solutes b^ capillary electrophoresis as the first screening method for plant varieties tolerant to water stresses. Less

干旱、高盐、高低温等水分胁迫是植物生长特别是作物生产面临的最严重的问题。在21^世纪人口迅速增长和粮食危机日益严重的情况下<st>，提高粮食生产是解决这一问题的首要条件。为此，实际上需要在干旱和盐碱地区等水分胁迫严重、农业生产力低下的不利条件下栽培作物。近年来，世界范围内一直在进行适应干旱和盐碱地区的作物品种的选择。然而，在干旱和盐碱地区找到最佳品种需要很长的时间，通常需要几年。因此，面对提高粮食产量的要求，如何缩短这一耗时的过程又成为一个问题。 ...更多信息在环境方面，一些植物对这种环境压力具有耐受性。它们诱导细胞内的渗透压调节化合物来维持细胞内的膨压以对抗细胞外的渗透压。为了区分耐逆品种，作者旨在建立一种快速、灵敏的分析方法来测定胁迫条件下诱导的植物生长调节化合物。为此，我们发展了毛细管电泳技术，并将其应用于多种植物细胞质中β-内酰胺类及其它相容性溶质的测定。在北方盐碱地区，我们发现了许多植物的盐胁迫与抗盐剂浓度之间的相关性。我们用我们的方法分析了在胁迫和非胁迫条件下培育的大麦品种的耐盐性。相关性也得到了证实。根据这些结果，我们提出了一种新的测定相容性溶质的方法B-毛细管电泳作为植物品种耐水分胁迫的筛选方法。少