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Development of Evaluating Method for Water-Stress Tolerance and Its Application to Crop Varieties Selectiond

耐水逆性评价方法的建立及其在作物品种选育中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
12556009
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Sunao
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University (2001)The University of Tokyo (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Water stresses, such as drought, high salinity, high and low temperature and other water deficits, are the most serious problem for plant growth, especially crop production. Under the circumstances of rapidly growing human population and the acoompanying food crisis in the 21^<st> century, the enhancement of crop production is the first requisite to overcome this problem. For this purpose, it is actually required to cultivate crop plants even under unfavorable conditions, like arid and saline areas, where water stress is high and agricultural productivity is quite low.In recent years selection of crop varieties which are adaptable to such arid and saline area has been continuing worldwide However, it takes very long period, usually several years, to find the best cultivar among the dwerse varieties. It therefore arises another problem, how to shorten this time-consuming process, for the encountering demand of enhancement offood production.From the standpoint of biological adaptation to … More the environmert, some plants are tolerant to such environmental stresses. They induce osmoregulating compounds to mahtain the tugor pressure inside the cells against osmotic pressure outside. To distinguish stress-tolerant varieties, the authors aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive analytical method to determine the osmoregulating compounds induced under stressed conditions. For this pursose, we developed capillary electrophoresis and applied it toj the determination ofbetames and other compatible solutes appeared in cytoplasm of many plant species. We found the correlation between the salt-stress and the concentration of osraoprotectants in many plants colle :ted in the actual saline area of northern China Barley varieties whose stress-tolerance were genetically established were cultivated under stressed and unstressed conditions and were analyzed by our method. The correlation was also confirmed. From these results we propose the new determination method for compatible solutes b^ capillary electrophoresis as the first screening method for plant varieties tolerant to water stresses. Less

水分胁迫，如干旱、高盐、高低温和其他水分不足，是植物生长，特别是作物生产中最严重的问题。在21世纪人口迅速增长和随之而来的粮食危机的情况下，提高粮食生产是克服这一问题的首要条件。为此，实际上需要在不利条件下种植作物，如干旱和盐碱地，这些地区水分压力大，农业生产力很低。近年来，在世界范围内继续进行适应干旱盐渍化地区的作物品种的选育工作。然而，在众多的不良品种中寻找最佳品种需要很长时间，通常需要几年的时间。因此，如何缩短这一耗时的过程，以满足提高粮食产量的需求，就产生了另一个问题。从对环境的生物适应的角度来看，有些植物对这种环境胁迫是耐受的。它们诱导渗透调节化合物来维持细胞内的肿瘤压力对抗外部的渗透压。为了区分耐胁迫品种，建立了一种快速、灵敏的测定胁迫诱导的渗透调节化合物的方法。为此，我们开发了毛细管电泳技术，并将其应用于多种植物细胞质中脲类和其他相容溶质的测定。在华北实际盐碱区种植的许多植物中，我们发现了盐胁迫与盐保护剂浓度之间的相关性，并对具有抗逆性基因的大麦品种在胁迫和非胁迫条件下进行了栽培，并用我们的方法进行了分析。这种相关性也得到了证实。根据这些结果，我们提出了一种新的测定相容溶质的方法——毛细管电泳法，作为耐水分胁迫植物品种筛选的第一种方法。少