Development of Evaluating Method for Water-Stress Tolerance and Its Application to Crop Varieties Selectiond

耐水逆性评价方法的建立及其在作物品种选育中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
12556009
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Sunao
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University (2001)The University of Tokyo (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Water stresses, such as drought, high salinity, high and low temperature and other water deficits, are the most serious problem for plant growth, especially crop production. Under the circumstances of rapidly growing human population and the acoompanying food crisis in the 21^<st> century, the enhancement of crop production is the first requisite to overcome this problem. For this purpose, it is actually required to cultivate crop plants even under unfavorable conditions, like arid and saline areas, where water stress is high and agricultural productivity is quite low.In recent years selection of crop varieties which are adaptable to such arid and saline area has been continuing worldwide However, it takes very long period, usually several years, to find the best cultivar among the dwerse varieties. It therefore arises another problem, how to shorten this time-consuming process, for the encountering demand of enhancement offood production.From the standpoint of biological adaptation to … More the environmert, some plants are tolerant to such environmental stresses. They induce osmoregulating compounds to mahtain the tugor pressure inside the cells against osmotic pressure outside. To distinguish stress-tolerant varieties, the authors aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive analytical method to determine the osmoregulating compounds induced under stressed conditions. For this pursose, we developed capillary electrophoresis and applied it toj the determination ofbetames and other compatible solutes appeared in cytoplasm of many plant species. We found the correlation between the salt-stress and the concentration of osraoprotectants in many plants colle :ted in the actual saline area of northern China Barley varieties whose stress-tolerance were genetically established were cultivated under stressed and unstressed conditions and were analyzed by our method. The correlation was also confirmed. From these results we propose the new determination method for compatible solutes b^ capillary electrophoresis as the first screening method for plant varieties tolerant to water stresses. Less

水应力，例如干旱，高盐度，高温和低温以及其他水分缺乏，是植物生长，尤其是农作物生产的最严重问题。在21^<st Century的迅速增长的人口和贸易团体粮食危机的情况下，作物生产的增强是克服这一问题的第一个必要条件。为此，即使在不利的条件下（如干旱和盐水）区域，水压力很高，农业生产力也很低。近年来，在全球范围内持续了很长一段时间，通常需要几年的时间，才能找到最好的品种，以找到最佳的种植，即使在全球范围内持续很长时间。因此，它出现了另一个问题，即如何缩短这一耗时的过程，以遇到增强粮食生产的需求。从生物学适应的角度到……更多的环境，有些植物可以宽容这种环境压力。它们诱导渗透调节化合物，以使细胞内部的提格摩在外部渗透压。为了区分耐应力的变化，作者旨在建立一种快速和敏感的分析方法，以确定在应力条件下诱导的渗透调节化合物。为此，我们开发了毛细血管电泳，并将其应用于许多植物物种的细胞质中的BETAME和其他兼容溶液的测定。我们发现，在许多植物学院的盐压力与渗透保护剂浓度之间的相关性：在北部中国大麦的实际盐水区域中，在压力和无压力条件下培养了遗传上的耐应力耐受性，并通过我们的方法分析了。还确认了相关性。从这些结果中，我们提出了一种新的确定方法，用于兼容溶质B^毛细管电泳，作为耐水胁迫耐受性的植物变化的第一种筛选方法。较少的