Scanning Probe Microscope

原位扫描探针显微镜方法，如扫描隧道（STM）和原子力显微镜（AFM），是澄清电化学界面的原子结构和发生在这些界面上的过程的核心工具。Magnussen小组属于该领域的国际领先小组，特别是建立了原位高速扫描隧道显微镜（Video-STM），作为电极表面动态过程定量研究的独特方法。本课题的目的是构建一种新型的显微镜，可以在电化学环境下进行Video-STM和传统的STM/AFM测量，并将这些微观表征方法与气相色谱（GC）和液相色谱（HPLC）对电极反应产物的定量分析相结合。这种新颖的组合将使电化学过程的反应性和选择性直接与原子尺度的电极结构相关联，从而能够在定义良好的模型催化剂上确定电催化反应的结构-性质关系。该仪器将成为该小组众多正在进行和计划中的研究项目的重要工具，例如电化学CO2还原，电极表面吸附物的扩散和相互作用，功能自组装有机层的结构以及电化学析氧和还原催化剂的降解研究。计划中的显微镜将是全世界独一无二的仪器。它将以商用组件为基础，但需要大量的内部开发，特别是显微镜头和Video-STM模块。所需的规格是i)电化学控制下的测量，ii)记录速率为20张/秒的高质量原子分辨STM图像，iii)连续电解质交换的可能性，iv)在受控气氛（Ar, CO2）下操作，v)用于原位AFM研究的单独显微镜头，以及vi)直接定量分析STM/AFM电池中电极反应产生的气体和液体产物。对于后者，将使用在线气相色谱、进样气相色谱和高效液相色谱的组合，其配置源于正在进行的电化学二氧化碳还原项目的具体测量要求。总的来说，该仪器将为现场和操作研究开辟新的可能性，特别是将为电化学能源技术的过程提供新的见解。

In situ scanning probe microscopy methods, such as scanning tunneling (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), are central tools for clarifying the atomic structure of electrochemical interfaces and processes occurring at these interfaces. The Magnussen group belongs to the international leading groups in this area and, in particular, established in situ high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (Video-STM) as a unique method for quantitative studies of dynamic processes at electrode surfaces. Aim of this proposal is to construct a new microscope that allows Video-STM as well as conventional STM/AFM measurements in electrochemical environment and combines these microscopic characterization methods with a quantitative analysis of the products of electrode reactions by gas (GC) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). This novel combination will allow to correlate the reactivity and selectivity of electrochemical processes directly with the atomic-scale electrode structure, enabling the determination of structure-property relationships for electrocatalytic reactions at well-defined model catalysts. The instrument will be an essential tool for a multitude of ongoing and planned research projects of the group, such as studies of electrochemical CO2 reduction, diffusion and interaction of adsorbates at electrode surfaces, structure of functional self-assembled organic layers, and the degradation of catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution and reduction. The planned microscope will be a worldwide unique instrument. It will be built based on commercial available components but requires extensive in-house development, especially of the microscope head and the Video-STM module. The required specifications are i) measurements under electrochemical control, ii) high-quality atomically resolved STM images at recording rates of 20 images/s, iii) the possibility for continuous electrolyte exchange, iv) operation under controlled atmosphere (Ar, CO2), v) separate microscope head for in situ AFM studies, and vi) direct quantitative analytics of the gaseous and liquid products produced by electrode reactions in the STM/AFM cell. For the latter, a combination of online-GC, injection-GC, and HPLC will be used, with a configuration that is derived from the concrete measurement requirements of an ongoing project on electrochemical CO2 reduction. In total, the instrument will open up novel possibilities for in situ and operando studies, which in particular will provide new insights into processes in electrochemical energy technology.