ICT Investment and Industry-Employment Structure

在项目为期三年的时间里，进行了以下研究：(1)美国和日本ICT资本存量生产率的比较，(2)。信息通信技术投资与日本产业劳动生产率的因果关系研究；(3)信息通信技术相关专利授权和引文的国际比较；(4)信息通信技术相关劳动力投入总量研究；(5)信息通信技术投资与工资就业结构研究。每项研究的主要成果如下：(1)通过计算上述两个国家信息通信技术相关投资的边际收益和成本，发现在1974-98年间，美国的信息通信技术资本相对于非信息通信技术资本呈现出过度投资的趋势，而日本的情况正好相反。(2)基于VAR方法，考察了信息通信技术部门和非国际贸易中心部门的信息通信技术投资增长和劳动生产率增长之间的因果关系，发现后者与前者之间存在因果关系，而不是相反。(3)基于美国专利商标局注册的信息通信技术相关专利和引文数据，就专利数量而言，美国位居榜首，其次是日本和欧盟。最近，亚洲国家的专利注册量出现了快速增长。在知识溢出方面，日本和欧盟被引用的频率均高于其他国家。(4)1970-1995年间，与ICT相关的总劳动投入被用作ICT扩散的指标。通过投入产出分析，我们发现信息通信技术相关的劳动投入在各个部门都有明显的增长，其中许多是由间接劳动引起的。(5)考察了信息通信技术投资对近期工资-就业结构变化的影响，以及对个别企业人力资源管理实践的影响。

During the project period of three years, the following researches are conducted ; (1) comparison of ICT capital stock productivity in the U.S.A. and Japan, (2). research on causality between ICT investment and labor productivity of the Japanese industry, (3) international comparison of ICT related patent grants and citations, (4) research on ICT-related total labor input, and (5) research on ICT investment and wage-employment structure. Main results of each research are as follows ;(1) By calculating the marginal benefits and costs of ICT related investments in the above two countries, it was found that while the U.S.A. shows a tendency to overinvestment in ICT capital relative to non-ICT capital during the period of 1974 -98, the opposite is the case in Japan.(2) Based on the VAR approach, the causal relationships between ICT investment growth and labor productivity growth in both of the ICT sector and Non-ITC sector are investigated and causality is found from the latter to the former rather than the other way.(3) Based on the ICT related patents and citations data registered by USPTO, the U.S. ranked top followed by Japan and EU in terms of the number of patents. Asian countries showed rapid growth in patent registration recently. With regard to knowledge spillover, Japan and EU are both being cited more often than citing other countries.(4)ICT related total labor input was used as indicator of ICT diffusion during 1970-95. Using input-output analysis, we found apparent growth of ICT related labor input in each sector and many of them were caused by indirect labor.(5) We investigated the effects of ICT investment on the recent changes in the wage-employment structures, together with those on the human resource management practices in individual firms.