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Fundamental Studies of the Construction of Biocatalyst-Based Super-Bio-Fuel Cells

基于生物催化剂的超级生物燃料电池构建的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
13460042
负责人：
IKEDA Tokuji
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Basic researches have been done of a bioelectrochemical fuel cells, which is a new fuel cell system utilizing biocatalysts in place of metal catalysts such as Pt.1)We have first demonstrated that bilirubin oxidase is a promising enzyme catalyst to achieve four electron reductions of dioxygen to water at neutral pH in the biocathode reaction with a mediator compound. We have also discovered that bilirubin oxidase directly accept electrons from several kinds of carbon electrodes to produce cathodic current of significan magnitude for the reduction of oxygen to water.2)We have for the first time constructed a bioelectrocatalysis-based dihydrogen/dioxygen fuel cell operating at physiological pH, in which bilirubin oxidase enzyme and desulfovibrio vulgaris bacterial cells are used as biocatalysts.3)Bio-anode reactions using PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase as catalysts, respectively, have successfully combined with the bilirubin oxidase-based bio-cathode reaction to construct bio fuel cells for glucose and NADH.4)A new hydrogen production system has been proposed which uses a scarifying reagent such as glucose or ethanol in electrolytic hydrogen production. Electrolytic production of hydrogen can be achieved with very small overpotential when desulfovibrio vulgaris catalyzed electrocatalytic reduction of proton at a biocathode is combined with e.g. glucose dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of glucose at a bioanode.5)Photosynthetic bioelectrochemical cell utilizing cyanobacteria and water-generating oxidase produces photocurrent by the illumination of the anode compartment. This is a kind of ideal photo cell relying on the simple chemical reaction : 2H_2+O_2=2H2O. However, the stability of the biocatalysts and the low conversion efficiency of light energy remain to be serious problems.

生物电化学燃料电池是一种利用生物催化剂代替金属催化剂如Pt的新型燃料电池系统，其基础研究已经完成。1）我们首次证明了胆红素氧化酶是一种有前途的酶催化剂，在中性pH下，在介体化合物的生物阴极反应中实现了分子氧到水的四电子还原。我们还发现胆红素氧化酶直接接受来自几种碳电极的电子，产生显著量级的阴极电流用于氧还原为水。2）我们首次构建了基于生物电催化的在生理pH下工作的二氢/双氧燃料电池，其中胆红素氧化酶和普通弧菌细菌细胞被用作生物催化剂。3）使用PQQ的生物阳极反应-分别作为催化剂的依赖性葡萄糖脱氢酶和心肌黄酶已经成功地与基于胆红素氧化酶的生物阴极反应结合，以构建用于葡萄糖和NADH的生物燃料电池。4）已经提出了一种新的制氢系统，其在电解制氢中使用划痕试剂如葡萄糖或乙醇。当在生物阴极处的普通弧菌催化的质子的电催化还原与例如在生物阳极处的葡萄糖脱氢酶催化的葡萄糖的氧化组合时，可以以非常小的过电位实现氢的电解生产。5）利用蓝细菌和产水氧化酶的光合生物电化学电池通过阳极室的照明产生光电流。这是一种理想的光电池，它依赖于简单的化学反应：2H_2+O_2= 2H_2O。然而，生物催化剂的稳定性和低的光能转换效率仍然是严重的问题。