Mechanisms of chemical-induced fetal brain toxicity

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Mechanisms of chemical-induced fetal brain toxicity were studies using the combination of 6 chemicals and mice or rats. As a result, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were generally observed in neural epithelial cells. However, the site and sequence of apoptosis and the phase of cell cycle arrest were different among chemicals. In addition, except for T-2 toxin, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest occurred through p53-dependent pass way. In the case of T-2 toxin, apoptosis was induced by oxidative stress and subsequent mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, in the cases of ENU, Ara-C and T-2 toxin, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were induced also in placenta through the same pass way in the fetal brain.These results are considered to be very useful for further investigation of the mechanisms of fetotoxicity.