A long-term cohort study on the development of an index to evaluate factors impairing activities of daily living

生活方式与死亡率之间的关系通过三个城市队列进行分析，这些队列包括2889名没有中风、心肌梗死或癌症病史的参与者。在较年轻的研究对象（40-59岁）中，每天睡眠超过8小时的参与者的总死亡风险是每天睡眠7 - 8小时的参与者的3.4倍。在老年研究对象（60-79岁）中，每天步行30分钟或以上的参与者与步行不到30分钟的参与者相比，死亡风险降低了40%。在年轻的研究对象中，每周喝三次以上天然果汁的参与者与每月喝两次或更少的参与者相比，死亡风险降低了48%。在年轻的研究对象中，喝超过两单位清酒的参与者比喝一单位或更少的参与者的死亡风险增加了3倍。在老年研究对象中，吸烟者的死亡风险是不吸烟者的1.7倍。在年龄较大的研究对象中，那些认为自己没有生活目标的人的死亡风险是那些认为自己有生活目标的人的1.7倍。在上述6个好习惯中，有5到6个好习惯的参与者比有2个或更少习惯的参与者的死亡风险降低了64%。在一项日常生活活动（ADL）的横断面研究中，ADL功能障碍与中风、髋部骨折或糖尿病的既往病史有关。在一项与ADL调查相关的队列研究中，过量死亡或ADL损伤与睡眠8小时或更长时间、每天步行少于30分钟、每天喝两单位或更多的清酒、吸烟以及感觉没有什么可活的有关。

The relationship between life styles and mortality were analyzed using three municipality cohorts which consisted of 2889 participants without past history of stroke, myocardial infarction, or cancer. Participants who slept more than eight hours a day had 3.4 times increased risk of total death compared with participants who slept 7 to 8 hours among younger subjects (aged 40-59 years). Participants who walked 30 minutes or more a day had 40 percent reduced risk of death compared with participants who walked less than 30 minutes among older subjects (aged 60-79 years). Participants who drank natural juice more than three times a week had 48 percent reduced risk of death compared with participants who had it two times a month or less among younger subjects. Participants who drank more than two units (go) of sake had 3 times increased risk of death compared with participants who drank one unit of sake or less among younger subjects. Smokers had 1.7 times increased risk of death compared with non-smokers among older subjects. Participants who said they had nothing to live for had 1.7 times increased risk of death compared with participants who felt they had something to live for among older subjects. Participants who had 5 or 6 favorable habits out of the above 6 habits had 64 percent reduced risk of death compared with participants who had 2 or less habits. In a cross-sectional study of activities of daily living (ADL), ADL impairment was relsted to past histories of stroke, hip fracture, or diabetes mellitus. In a cohort study linked with the ADL survey, excess death or ADL impairment was related to sleeping 8 hours or more, walking less than 30 minutes a day, drinking two units or more of sake per day, smoking, and a feeling of having nothing to live for.