Development of the diagnostic method to evaluate the risks for carcinogenesis, micro-metastasis, and malignant grade of oral cancer using in-house cDNA microarray

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Our in-house cDNA microarray system, which carries cDNAs derived from oligo-capped cDNA library of human oral cavity cancer cell lines, identified several differentially expressed genes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several genes were up-regulated 2-fold or higher in common among four tongue SCC specimens of independent cases, compared with normal tissues. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed these cDNA microarray findings. The up-regulated genes were C20orf21(AK000398), Interleukin 1 β (X56087), Centaurin gamma 2(AB029022), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein (M98474), Rh type C glycoprotein (AF081497), Spermine syntase (AD001528), Copine 1 (U83246), KIAA0251 (AK025504), Clorf10, and Rab1a. The most differentially expressed gene, Rab1a, belongs to the member of the Ras oncogene family and was immunohistochemically studied for its protein expression in primary tongue SCC or leukoplakia, precancerous lesion, and corresponding normal tongue epithelium tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Rab1a was differentially over-expressed in tongue SCC and leukoplakia tissues compared with normal oral epithelium ones. These results suggested that Rab1a is a candidate for an excellent tumor biomarker to evaluate the risks for carcinogenesis, micrometastasis, and malignant grade.