Study on Transboundary Air Pollution from East Asia by using High Sensitive Analysis of Hazardous Metals in Aerosol

近年来，由于人类活动的影响，无菌源排放的气溶胶有所增加。特别是在中国，这是最严重的环境问题之一。许多科学家报告说，气溶胶对气候变化和酸雨等全球环境问题有影响。因此，对气溶胶的监测对于研究其排放源、了解其行为及其对全球环境的影响具有重要意义。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA/ICPMS)对北京清华大学中国所采集的气溶胶样品中的痕量金属进行了分析。中国在北京的观测结果显示，2001年3月，北京可吸入颗粒物的浓度约为140μg/m^3，约为日本横滨的4倍。中国说，这项研究明确了北京严重的空气污染问题。北京气溶胶中的金属元素浓度是日本川崎的数倍，尤其是As、Al和Ti。中国，用化学质量平衡法估算了北京地区气溶胶的来源。土壤扬尘、燃煤、二次颗粒物的气溶胶浓度预测值分别为33.6μg/m~3、27.3μg/m~3、62.6μg/m~3。这些预测的气溶胶浓度占总气溶胶浓度的80%以上。研究发现，北京地区气溶胶的主要来源之一是燃煤和土壤扬尘。因此，燃煤产生的气溶胶和土壤粉尘的控制对策是必要的。

Recently, an increase of aerosols emitted from the anthoropogenic sources by human activities has been pointed out. Especially in China, it is one of the most serious environmental problems. Many scientists reported that aerosols had an effect on global environmental problems such as climate change and acid rain. Therefore, the monitoring of aerosols is very important to investigate their emission sources and understand their behavior and influence on global environment.The concentrations of trace metals in aerosols collected at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China were measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry equipped with Laser Ablation (LA/ICP-MS) analysis. As the result of the observation in Beijing, China from March, 2001, the concentration of PM10 in Beijing was about 140μg/m^3, about four times higher than that in Yokohama, Japan. This study made clear about the serious air pollution in Beijing, China. The concentrations of metals in aerosols in Beijing were several times higher than those in Kawasaki, Japan, especially, As, Al, and Ti. The CMB(Chemical mass balance) method was carried out to estimate sources of aerosols in Beijing, China. According to the analysis by CMB method, predicted aerosol concentration of Soil dust, Coal combustion, Secondary particle were 33.6μg/m^3, 27.3μg/m^3, 62.6μg/m^3, respectively. These predicted aerosol concentration was over 80% of total aerosol concentration. It was found that a major source of aerosols in Beijing, China was the coal combustion and the soil dust. Therefore, the countermeasure for control of aerosol from coal combustion and the soil dust is required.