Development of a new monitoring system for atmospheric environment in Beijing, China, and its evaluation for environmental countermeasure using dynamic analysis

从2001年3月至2006年3月在中国北京清华大学收集的气溶胶痕迹金属的每日重点介绍了使用激光损耗/ICP-MS分析进行的测量。北京空气溶胶的来源识别和长期趋势，中国利用这些数据进行了调查。北京的所有金属集中在气溶胶上都比日本在东京的那些人高。特别是，煤炭燃烧的集中程度是由东京产生的，比东京高出25次以上。金属集中的长期趋势是通过使用回归分析来评估的。从2001年3月至2006年2月至2006年2月，重金属的浓度与铜、锌、铜、铅的浓度分别增加了4.9%至19.8%。从2003年9月至2006年4月，北京收集的气溶胶样品的浓度与中国是由这一研究中开发的方法确定的。SPAHs，哪一个是所检测到的所有多环芳烃的总和，为188.4 - 317.9纳克/米^3 （n=114），比日本东京高出约100次。El 3AH在炎热的季节的集中度比在非炎热的季节高出10.7次。大气层多环芳烃集中的强烈季节性变异可能导致冬季居民供暖的煤炭燃烧。正矩阵因子（PMF）方法被应用于空气中PAHs的源标识。煤炭燃烧、废物累积、木材燃烧和发动机车辆已被识别为空气溶胶中多环芳烃的主要来源。在炎热的季节，煤炭燃烧、废物累积的贡献总和，木材燃烧约占70%。因此，这被认为是因为这些来源释放了大量的PAHs。这三个来源对炎热季节的贡献比非炎热季节的贡献多了10次。

Daily concentrations of trace metals in aerosols collected at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China from March 2001 to March 2006 were measured by using Laser Ablation/ICP-MS analysis. The source identification and long-term trend of aerosol in Beijing, China were investigated by using these data. All metal concentrations in aerosols in Beijing were higher than those in Tokyo in Japan. Especially, the concentration of As originated from coal combustion was over 25 times higher than that of Tokyo. The long-term trend of metal concentration was examined by using regression analysis. The concentrations of heavy metals as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb were increasing by 4.9%〜19.8% per year from March 2001 to February 2006.The concentrations of PAHs in aerosol samples collected from September 2003 to April 2006 in Beijing, China were determined by the developed method in this study. SPAHs, which is the sum of the concentrations of all detected PAHs, was 188.4ア317.9 ng/m^3 (n=114), and this was about 100 times higher than that in Tokyo, Japan. The El3AHs concentration in the heating season was 10.7 times higher than that in the non-heating season. The strong seasonal variation in atmospheric PAHs concentration is possibly due to coal combustion for residential heating in winter. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) method was applied to source identification of PAHs in aerosols. Coal combustion, waste incineration, wood burning and motor vehicles were identified as major sources of PAHs in aerosols. In the heating season, the sum of contributions of coal combustion, waste incineration, wood burning were about 70%. Therefore, it was considered that these sources released large amount of PAHs. The contributions of these three sources in the heating season were more than 10 times higher than in the non-heating season.