Construction of Neural Network acquiring an Internal Model of Visual Perceptual Grouping

在人类视觉系统中，视网膜、外侧膝状核（LGN）和初级视觉皮层（V1）的视觉细胞检测到视觉模式。孔径问题是一种分析早期视觉系统运动处理绑定机制的实验。首先在计算机显示器上显示一个圆形的光圈，其中一个条形物在背景中移动。另外两个圆出现在中心圆的两边，但是两个条也在背景中移动，并且条的方向与中心的方向不同。当被试将三根棒子视为一根棒子时，中心棒子的移动方向与圆的两侧相同。这种感知分组强烈依赖于显示时间。另一方面，人们提出了基于人类视觉系统的视觉模型和神经网络，如BCS、FCS、ARTMAP、模糊ARTMAP和TAM网络。TAM （Topographic focused Mapping）网络是一种生物驱动的神经网络。TAM网络在从输入层到输出层的结构上类似于接受场、LGN和V1。当网络产生错误时，基于反馈信号和抑制突触的注意机制被调用，误差被调整到更小。本研究主要进行了以下几个方面的研究。通过改变显示时间、半径、圆间距离来估计感知速率，并证实了显示时间对半径和圆间距离的依赖性。感知率对显示时间的曲线是凸的。利用TAM网络从孔径数据中获取模糊规则，并证明了TAM网络反馈信号和抑制突触的有效性。通过这些研究，我们揭示了在超过550ms的后期显示时间内，感知速率下降的可能性。反馈信号和TAM网络抑制突触的有效性也得到了证明。

In the human visual system, the visual modalities are detected at visual cells in the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1). Aperture problem is a kind of experiments for analyzing the binding mechanism for motion processing in the early visual system. A circle aperture where a bar is moving in the background is first displayed at the computer display. Two other circles appear next at both sides of the center circle, but two bars are also moving in the background, and the bar's orientation is different from the center's. If subjects perceived three bars as a bar, the center bar's moving orientation would be changed as same as at the both sides of circle's. This perceptual grouping is strongly depending on the display time. On the other hand, visual models and neural networks based on the human visual system have been proposed, e.g., BCS, FCS, ARTMAP, fuzzy ARTMAP and TAM Network. TAM (Topographic Attentive Mapping) Network is a biologically-motivated neural network. TAM Network is analogous to receptive field, LGN, and V1 in the structure from the input layer to the output layer. When the network makes an incorrect error, the attentional mechanism is invoked based on the feedback signals and inhibitory synapses, and the error is adjusted to be smaller. In this research, the following researches are studied.1.Perceptual rates are estimated changing the display time, radius, distance between circles, and the dependency of display time on radius and distance between circles is confirmed.2.The curve of perceptual rates for display time is convex.3.Fuzzy rules are acquired from aperture's data using TAM Network, and the usefulness of feedback signals and inhibitory synapses of TAM Network is shown.By these researches, we show the possibility of the decreasing of perceptual rate in the late display time more than 550ms. The usefulness of the feedback signals and the inhibitory synapses of TAM Network is also shown.