Construction of Neural Network acquiring an Internal Model of Visual Perceptual Grouping

在人类视觉系统中，视觉模式是在视网膜、外侧膝状核(LGN)和初级视觉皮质(V1)的视觉细胞中检测到的。孔径问题是一种用来分析早期视觉系统运动加工绑定机制的实验。条形在背景中移动的圆形光圈首先显示在计算机显示器上。另外两个圆圈出现在中心圆的两侧，但背景中也有两个条在移动，并且条的方向与中心的不同。如果受试者将三个条视为一个条，则中心条的移动方向将改变为与圆的两侧相同的方向。这种知觉分组强烈依赖于显示时间。另一方面，人们提出了基于人类视觉系统的视觉模型和神经网络，如BCS、FCS、ARTMAP、模糊ARTMAP和网络。网络是一种生物激励的神经网络。网络在从输入层到输出层的结构上类似于接受场、LGN和V1。当网络产生错误错误时，根据反馈信号和抑制性突触调用注意机制，并将错误调整为较小。本研究主要研究了以下几个方面的内容：1.通过改变显示时间、半径、圆圈间距等参数来估计感知率，确定了显示时间与半径、距离的依赖关系；2.研究了显示时间对感知率的影响曲线；3.利用网络从孔径数据中提取模糊规则，揭示了网络反馈信号和抑制性突触的有用性。通过这些研究，我们揭示了在显示时间超过550ms的后期，感知率下降的可能性。反馈信号和网络抑制性突触的作用也被显示出来。

In the human visual system, the visual modalities are detected at visual cells in the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1). Aperture problem is a kind of experiments for analyzing the binding mechanism for motion processing in the early visual system. A circle aperture where a bar is moving in the background is first displayed at the computer display. Two other circles appear next at both sides of the center circle, but two bars are also moving in the background, and the bar's orientation is different from the center's. If subjects perceived three bars as a bar, the center bar's moving orientation would be changed as same as at the both sides of circle's. This perceptual grouping is strongly depending on the display time. On the other hand, visual models and neural networks based on the human visual system have been proposed, e.g., BCS, FCS, ARTMAP, fuzzy ARTMAP and TAM Network. TAM (Topographic Attentive Mapping) Network is a biologically-motivated neural network. TAM Network is analogous to receptive field, LGN, and V1 in the structure from the input layer to the output layer. When the network makes an incorrect error, the attentional mechanism is invoked based on the feedback signals and inhibitory synapses, and the error is adjusted to be smaller. In this research, the following researches are studied.1.Perceptual rates are estimated changing the display time, radius, distance between circles, and the dependency of display time on radius and distance between circles is confirmed.2.The curve of perceptual rates for display time is convex.3.Fuzzy rules are acquired from aperture's data using TAM Network, and the usefulness of feedback signals and inhibitory synapses of TAM Network is shown.By these researches, we show the possibility of the decreasing of perceptual rate in the late display time more than 550ms. The usefulness of the feedback signals and the inhibitory synapses of TAM Network is also shown.