Ethnographic Studies of Disaster Response and Management in the Asia-Pacific Region

本研究项目考察了灾害过程中两个阶段的社会反应：1。灾后的恢复和重建过程2灾前的缓解和准备工作1。恢复与重建：我们对1998年的艾塔普海啸灾害、1999年的马尔马拉地震灾害、2001年的古吉拉特邦地震灾害、2004年的印度洋地震海啸灾害、孟加拉国的洪水灾害进行了民族志实地研究。该项目明确了以下几点。(1)当前，非政府组织的活动固然重要、不可或缺，但其质量因其在灾区的工作经历、与政府和国际组织的合作而千差万别。(2)与房屋所有者的情况相比，租户在房屋赔偿方面处于劣势，例如为幸存者分配新建房屋。（三）避难所、临时住所和永久住所；（三）期限届满后，遗属的住所有时被占用，或出售给他人。(4)幸存者的搬迁是一个困难的问题，需要长期的监测研究，因为他们可能会改变他们的工作，为了他们的方便而搬出去，或者因为他们无法适应新的地理或社会环境。减灾和备灾：我们在菲律宾马尼拉大都会马里基纳市开展了一系列关于《综合地震减灾方案和行动计划》的后续行动研究。该行动计划不仅在该市，而且在其他城市的行政官员和市民中得到了高度评价。然而，强有力的市政领导似乎并没有发展以社区为基础的灾害风险管理和提高民众的减灾意识。我们希望继续开展以社会脆弱性和减灾能力发展为重点的研究。少

This research project has investigated social responses in two stages of the disaster process : 1. restoration and reconstruction process after the event, 2 mitigation and preparedness before the event.1. Restoration and reconstruction: We have carried out ethnographical field research on the 1998 Aitape tsunami disaster, the 1999 Marmara earthquake disaster (1999), the 2001 Gujarat earthquake disaster (2001), Indian Ocean earthquake-tsunami disaster (2004), flood disasters in Bangladesh. The project has made clear the following points. (1) Although NGOs activities are important and indispensable these days, their quality varied widely depending on their experience of work in the disaster stricken areas and of collaboration with government and international organizations. (2) Compared with the cases of house owners, tenants are placed at a disadvantage in housing reparation such as allocation of newly constructed houses for the survivors. (3) Shelters, temporal houses and permanent hou … More ses for the survivors are sometime occupied after expiration of the term, or sold to others. (4) Relocation of survivors is one of difficult issue and needs long term monitoring research, because they might change their jobs and move out for their convenience, or because they would not be able to adjust themselves to new geographical or social environment.2. Mitigation and preparedness : We have conducted a series of follow-up action research on the Comprehensive Earthquake Disaster Reduction Program and Action Plan in Marikina City, Metro-Manila, the Philippines. The action plan has been highly evaluated not only within the city but also by other cities' administration officers and citizens. The strong municipal leadership, however, does not seem to have developed the community based disaster risk management and the enhancement of disaster reduction awareness among the people.We wish to continue the research focusing on the social vulnerability and development of disaster reduction capability. Less