The mechanism of the preferential elution of the major ion and oxygen isotope ratio in acidic snow melting water by acid shock in the snowfield of Japan

1.野外观测为了弄清日本酸性降雪的真实情况，在日本寒冷地区北海道的莫什里进行了雪坑研究，并获得了降雪样本。此外，长冈市的这所学校作为暖区全年收集了一天一次的降水。此外，还在新泻县妙古山采集到了降雪样本，长冈、莫什里和妙子的PH值分别为4.3、3.9和3.9。作为酸性降雪的主要原因之一，Nagaoka的浓度是Moshii的1.7倍，Myoko的4倍。长冈的非海盐硫酸离子浓度是莫什里的1.5倍，Myoko的2.2倍。根据目前的观测，长冈的积雪在冬季总是从积雪中流出融化的水。2.融雪实验为探求不同离子形态的雪融水流出速度不同的原因，本校在低温实验室进行了融雪实验，对不同离子的融雪水进行了热分析，分析了不同离子形态和离子浓度的结合水和游离水的融化温度和融化能，找出了酸雪融化和冻结的易度之间的关系。不同离子物种之间的流出速度存在差异，不同雪之间的流出速度也存在差异。这似乎与不同的离子和离子浓度有关。

1.Field observationTo clarify the realities of an acid snow in Japan, snow pit studies was carried out at Moshiri, Hokkaido, as a cold area in Japan, and the snowfall sample was able to be obtained. Moreover, the precipitation once a day was gathered throughout the year at this school in Nagaoka City as a warm area. In addition, the snowfall samples were able to be obtained as a mountains snowfall at Mt.Myoko in Niigata Prefecture.The values of pH were 4.3,3.9 and 3.9 at Nagaoka, Moshiri and Myoko. The concentration of NO3_3^-, as one of the main causes of an acid snow, at Nagaoka was 1.7 times as much as that at Moshiri, and 4 times at Myoko. The concentration of non-sea salt sulfuric acid ion at Nagaoka was 1.5 times as much as at Moshiri and 2.2 times at MyokoThe melting water of snow always flows out during winter from the deposited snow at Nagaoka according to the current observations. The flow out speed of the melting water was also different by the difference of the ionic species.2.Experiment of melting snowTo search for the reason why the flow out speed of melting water of snow is different by the difference of the ionic species, experiments of e melting snow was made in the low temperature laboratory in this school.The thermal analysis of the melting water of snow with different ions was carried out, to analyze the melting temperature and melting energy of uniting water and free water with different ion species and ion concentrations, and to find the relation of the easiness of the melting and freezing of acid snow. The difference of flow out speed between different ion species can be seen, but also between different snows. It seems to be related to different ions and ion concentrations.