The mechanism of the preferential elution of the major ion and oxygen isotope ratio in acidic snow melting water by acid shock in the snowfield of Japan

1.为了弄清日本酸雪的实际情况，在日本寒冷地区北海道Moshiri进行了雪坑研究，并获得了降雪样本。此外，由于长冈市的这所学校是温暖地区，因此每天一次的降水全年都在收集。此外，在新泻县的妙古山，降雪样品可以作为山地降雪获得。长冈、茂治和妙古的pH值分别为4.3、3.9和3.9。NO3_3^-的浓度是造成酸雪的主要原因之一，长冈的NO3_3^-浓度是茂尻的1.7倍，妙古的4倍。长冈的非海盐硫酸离子浓度是莫希里的1.5倍，是米古的2.2倍。根据目前的观测，冬季长冈的积雪融化水总是从积雪中流出。熔融水的流出速度也因离子种类的不同而不同。为了寻找离子种类不同导致雪融水流出速度不同的原因，在本校低温实验室进行了融雪实验。对含不同离子的雪融水进行了热分析，分析了不同离子种类和离子浓度的融水和游离水的融水温度和融水能，找出了酸性雪融水易冻性的关系。在不同的离子种类之间可以看到流出速度的差异，而且在不同的雪之间也可以看到。这似乎与不同的离子和离子浓度有关。

1.Field observationTo clarify the realities of an acid snow in Japan, snow pit studies was carried out at Moshiri, Hokkaido, as a cold area in Japan, and the snowfall sample was able to be obtained. Moreover, the precipitation once a day was gathered throughout the year at this school in Nagaoka City as a warm area. In addition, the snowfall samples were able to be obtained as a mountains snowfall at Mt.Myoko in Niigata Prefecture.The values of pH were 4.3,3.9 and 3.9 at Nagaoka, Moshiri and Myoko. The concentration of NO3_3^-, as one of the main causes of an acid snow, at Nagaoka was 1.7 times as much as that at Moshiri, and 4 times at Myoko. The concentration of non-sea salt sulfuric acid ion at Nagaoka was 1.5 times as much as at Moshiri and 2.2 times at MyokoThe melting water of snow always flows out during winter from the deposited snow at Nagaoka according to the current observations. The flow out speed of the melting water was also different by the difference of the ionic species.2.Experiment of melting snowTo search for the reason why the flow out speed of melting water of snow is different by the difference of the ionic species, experiments of e melting snow was made in the low temperature laboratory in this school.The thermal analysis of the melting water of snow with different ions was carried out, to analyze the melting temperature and melting energy of uniting water and free water with different ion species and ion concentrations, and to find the relation of the easiness of the melting and freezing of acid snow. The difference of flow out speed between different ion species can be seen, but also between different snows. It seems to be related to different ions and ion concentrations.