Chemical features and the mechanism of the preferential elution of the major ion in acidic snow melting water by acid shock

为了弄清日本酸性降雪的现实，在北海道和日本本州的几个地方进行了雪坑研究，并获得了降雪样本。此外，在长冈市的这所学校，一天一次的降水全年都在收集。地区差异和海拔差异可以理解酸性物质在雪和融雪特征中的分布。为了探索离子在融雪过程中的行为，用差示扫描量热法对雪融水进行了热分析，分析了不同离子种类和离子浓度下结合水和自由水的融化温度和融化能。不同离子物种之间的流出速度存在差异，不同雪之间的流出速度也存在差异。将冬季降水分为冰雹、降雪和降雨三种形式，考察了…的特征降水形式的不同对离子浓度的影响较大。各主要离子的浓度表现出不同的特征。为了考察大气化学体系在降水pH值的背景下，对降水中过氧化氢(H_2O_2)的浓度进行了测量。H_2O_2与OH-自由基有很强的相关性，成为大气中SO_2和NO_2氧化的主导部分。由于2004年10月新泻县楚楚地区发生强烈地震，这一研究成果被推迟。然而，H_2O_2浓度的测量将很快成为可能，并将获得一些有趣的结果。长冈市冬季降水中的H_2O_2浓度在白天有较高值。此外，随着降雨量的增加，H_2O_2浓度有降低的趋势。研究了SO_4~(2-)和H_2O_2浓度与NO_3~--H_2O_2浓度的关系，虽然有一个恒定的趋势，但没有得到特别明显的相关性。较少

To clarify the realities of an acid snow in Japan, snow pit studies was carried out at several places in Hokkaido, and Honshu in Japan, and the snowfall sample was able to be obtained. Moreover, the precipitation once a day was gathered throughout the year at this school in Nagaoka City. Regional differences and elevation - differences could be understood in distribution of acid substances in snow and snow melting features. To search the behavior of the ion at snow-melting, the thermal analyses of the melting water of snow were done with Differential Scanning Calorimetry to analyses of the melting temperature and melting energy of uniting water and free water with different ion species and ion concentrations. The difference of flow out speed between different ion species can be seen, but also between different snows. It seems to be related to different ions and ion concentrations.Precipitation in winter was classified into three forms of hailstone, snow and rain, to examine the charact … More eristic of ion concentrations by the difference of the form of precipitation. Each concentration of the major ions showed some different features.To examine an atmospheric chemistry system in the background of pH value in precipitation, measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) concentration in precipitation were carried out. H_2O_2 has a strong correlation with OH-radical that becomes the leading part of the oxidation of SO_2 and NO_2 in atmosphere. This research accomplishment was delayed because the severe earthquake attacked Chuetsu region, Niigata Prefecture, in October, 2004. However, the measurement of H_2O_2 concentration will become possible soon and some interesting results are being obtained. The H_2O_2 concentration in precipitation of winter at Nagaoka City indicated a high value in daytime. Moreover, a tendency that the H_2O_2 concentration decreases was seen as precipitation increased. Examining the relation between SO_4^<2-> and NO_3^- -H_2O_2 concentration, an especially clear correlation was not obtained though a constant tendency was seen. Less