Joint study on snow damages in northeastern part of China

东北地区雪灾联合研究

• 批准号: 04045055
• 负责人: SATOW Kazuhide
• 金额: $ 5.57万
• 依托单位: Nagaoka College of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04045055/
• 关键词: China; Heilongjiang(pronvince); snow damage; extrudedice; frost; snow drift; acid snow(precipitation); depth hoar; 酸性雪; 凍上・凍害; 大陸性地ふぶき

A joint project was carried out on snow damages in northeastern part of China during a period of three years from 1992 to 1994. This project dealt with snow and snow-related problems such as snow deposit, snow flow, snowmelt runoff, water quality, acid precipitation, frost damages, extruded ice (ice hill), weather conditions and so on.In this district, precipitation is high in summer and very few in winter. Snow depth measured along the survey route was between 10cm and 25cm in February of 1993. Snow layrs in snow cover were divided into three types from the snow surface to the bottom. It is characterized that the depth hoar extremely devel oped at the bottom of snow cover.The pH values of snow cover were between 5 and 7. Concentrations of Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+> in snow were very high. It can be consi dered that these high pH-values were influenced by high alkaline soil, manure or coal ashes.Water from a spring or river freezes up in a moutainous area by a chill of winter season and devel … More ops furthermore into a ice hill. This phenomenon is called to be slaver-flow-ice (extruded ice) in China. This develops to the road top and brings a traffic obstacle. These ice was able to be classified into some kinds by a place and development requirements. Prevention of this disaster is possible by carrying out large scale improvement construction of ground conditions. But we proposed that the cheap prevention way must be selected in China.A drift by a snowstorm causes two problems ; a traffic obstacle and a delay of cultivation of field in spring. Relations among the forms of road, row of trees and drift were investigated. Wind velocity distribution and a quantity of drift were measured in the windbreak forest. We need to seek for the reasonable constitution and arrangement of windbreak forest by increasing observation example.Many knowledges were acquired on characteristics of forest damages on concrete structures and buildings, methane emissions from soils, horest feave amount of soil in seasonally frozen ground, the influence of precipitation on the quality of phreatic water, the relation among acid precipitation meteorological elements and weather conditions and so on. A symposium about this project was held in Japan, and the result report was published. Less

1992年至1994年，历时三年，在东北地区开展了雪灾联合研究项目，研究了积雪、雪流、融雪径流、水质、酸降水、冻害、挤冰（冰山）、天气状况等与雪有关的问题。该地区夏季降水多，冬季降水少。 1993年2月，沿测线测得的积雪深度在10厘米至25厘米之间。积雪层从雪面到底部分为三种类型。其特点是积雪底部深白极为发达。积雪的pH值在5～7之间。雪中Ca^2+和Mg^2+浓度很高。可以认为，这些高pH值是受到高碱性土壤、粪便或煤灰的影响。在山区，泉水或河流的水因冬季寒冷而结冰，进而形成冰山。这种现象在中国被称为流冰（挤压冰）。这发展到路顶并带来交通障碍。这些冰可以根据地点和开发要求分为几种。通过进行大规模的地面条件改善工程，可以预防这种灾害。但我们建议中国必须选择廉价的预防方式。 暴风雪造成的漂移会带来两个问题：交通不便，春季耕地延误。研究了道路、树木行列和漂移之间的关系。在防风林中测量了风速分布和漂移量。需要通过增加观测实例，寻求防风林的合理构成和布置。获得了森林对混凝土结构和建筑物的损害特征、土壤甲烷排放量、季节性冻土土壤肥力、降水对潜水水质的影响、酸降水气象要素与天气条件的关系等方面的认识。该项目在日本召开了研讨会，并发表了成果报告。较少的

项目成果

KONG Youmei,PANG Guoliang,CHEN Shuzhe,WANG Xuanbo,WANG Xiaoki,XU Zhongxian,Kazuhide SATOW,Hajime YAMAGUCHI,Kunio SATO and Nobuo ARAKI: "Measur ements of the snow storm related to the forest shelter in the far mland" 長岡高専研究紀要. 31巻1号. (1995)

孔友梅、庞国良、陈树哲、王选波、王小基、徐忠贤、佐藤和秀、山口肇、佐藤国男、荒木伸夫：“与远方森林防护相关的暴风雪的测量” 长冈国立大学技术研究公报第 31 卷，第 1 期（1995 年）

Kazuhide SATOW,Hajime YAMAGUCHI,Kunio SATO,Nobuo ARAKI,PANG Guoliang and KONG Youmei: "Outline of snow and ice conditions in Heilongjiang province, China" Proceeding of Kanazawa Conference of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. 142 (1994)

佐藤和秀、山口肇、佐藤邦夫、荒木伸夫、庞国良、孔友梅：《中国黑龙江省冰雪状况概要》日本冰雪学会金泽会议论文集。

Hajime YAMAGUCHI,Kazuhide SATOW,Kunio SATO,Nobuo ARAKI,PANG Guoliang and WANG Kuanhou: "Spectral characteristics of air and ground temperatures at Baoquanling, Heilongjiang Province, China, in winter season of 1992-1993" Reseach Reports of Nagaoka College

山口创、佐藤和秀、佐藤邦夫、荒木伸夫、庞国良、王宽厚：“1992-1993年冬季中国黑龙江省宝泉岭地区空气和地温的光谱特征”长冈学院研究报告

佐藤和秀: "中国大陸東北部の雪氷災害の特徴" 長岡高専研究紀要. (予定).

佐藤一秀：《中国东北地区冰雪灾害特征》长冈工业大学研究通报（计划）。

荒木 信夫: "中国大陸東北部凍土地帯のメタン濃度" 長岡高専 研究紀要.

荒木伸夫：“中国东北冻土区的甲烷浓度”长冈工业大学研究通报。