Research on Occupational Gender Segregation

自1999年颁布《两性平等社会基本法》以来，我们一直在问：两性平等在工作场所是否真的被接受？本项目旨在澄清“职业性别隔离”的现状和问题，重点是男性托儿所服务员和女性消防员-两者都占各自劳动力的1%左右。我们向京都和大坂的托儿所服务生、托儿所服务员、托儿所管理人员和消防员发出了3000多份调查。这些与托儿所服务员职业有关的调查包括性别意识、对托儿所男女学生的业绩期望、男服务员的工作条件等问题。对于消防员来说，调查包括关于性别意识、女消防员的必要性、她们在不同消防部门的个人经历等问题。 关于我们 已完成的调查显示，接受调查的托儿所服务生和托儿所服务生本身的性别意识在男女之间没有很大差异;然而，男性管理人员的性别意识相当低。男性消防员的性别意识较低，“性别角色”意识较强。对于“你认为有必要派女消防员吗？一位女消防员说：“虽然我和男消防员在消防训练中心接受了同样的训练，但没有机会在火场工作。“消防被认为是男性的工作，受日本《劳动基准法》的约束，该法律限制了女性的劳动条件。由于沿着这一领域的技术革新，目前正朝着放松管制的方向发展，因此应采取具体行动。保育员已于2003年被厚生劳动省认定为认可职业，应解决私立和公立保育学校之间存在的巨大差距。少

Since "The Basic Law for a Gender-Equal Society" was enacted in 1 999, we have been asking the question: is gender equality really accepted in the workplace? The present project purports to clarify the current situation and issues of "Occupational Gender Segregation", focusing on male nursery attendants and female firefighters-both occupy about 1% of their respective workforce. We sent out over 3000 surveys to nursery attendant students, nursery attendants, nursery school managers and firefighters in both Kyoto and Osaka. Those surveys pertaining to the nursery attendant profession contain questions about gender awareness, performance expectations for male and female nursery school pupils, and working conditions for male attendants, among other subjects of interest. For firefighters, the surveys contain questions about gender awareness, the necessity of female firefighters, their personal experiences in the different firefighting sections, and so on. As a side note, space for independe … More nt comments was also provided.The completed surveys showed that the gender awareness of the surveyed nursery attendant students and nursery attendants themselves does not differ greatly between males and females ; however, for male managers gender awareness is quite low. In addition, gender awareness in male firefighters is low and "gender-role" consciousness is quite strong. For the question, "do you think a female firefighter is necessary?" 36.1% of males surveyed answered yes, while 72.9% of females surveyed answered yes.A female firefighter commented, "There is no opportunity to work at the fire ground, even though I was trained at the firefighter training center in the same program as the males." Firefighting, considered a male job, was regulated by Labor Standards Law of Japan, which restricted female labor conditions. Since it is now moving towards deregulation, along with technical innovations in the field, the specific action should be taken.Nursery attendant has been qualified as a recognized profession by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2003, and the existing wide gap between private and public nursery schools should be resolved. Less