Research on Occupational Gender Segregation

自1999年《性别平等社会基本法》通过以来，我们一直在问一个问题：职场是否真的接受性别平等？目前的项目旨在澄清“职业性别隔离”的现状和问题，重点关注男性托儿所服务员和女性消防员，这两种人都占各自劳动力的1%左右。我们向京都和大阪的托儿所服务员学生、托儿所服务员、托儿所管理人员和消防员发送了3000多份调查问卷。这些与托儿所服务员职业有关的调查包括性别意识、对男女托儿所学生的表现期望、男性服务员的工作条件以及其他感兴趣的问题。对于消防员，调查包括性别意识、女性消防员的必要性、她们在不同消防部门的个人经历等问题。作为旁注，本文还提供了更多独立评论的空间。已完成的调查显示，被调查的保育员学生和保育员自身的性别意识在男女之间没有显著差异；然而，男性管理者的性别意识却很低。此外，男性消防员的性别意识较低，“性别角色”意识较强。对于“你认为女性消防员是必要的吗？”36.1%的男性回答“是”，72.9%的女性回答“是”。一名女消防员表示：“虽然在消防训练中心接受了与男消防员相同的培训，但没有机会在火场工作。”消防员被认为是男性的工作，受到日本劳动基准法的管制，限制了女性的劳动条件。由于它现在正朝着解除管制的方向发展，同时在该领域进行技术革新，因此应采取具体行动。2003年，保育员被卫生、劳动和福利部认定为合格的职业，私立和公立托儿所之间存在的巨大差距应得到解决。少

Since "The Basic Law for a Gender-Equal Society" was enacted in 1 999, we have been asking the question: is gender equality really accepted in the workplace? The present project purports to clarify the current situation and issues of "Occupational Gender Segregation", focusing on male nursery attendants and female firefighters-both occupy about 1% of their respective workforce. We sent out over 3000 surveys to nursery attendant students, nursery attendants, nursery school managers and firefighters in both Kyoto and Osaka. Those surveys pertaining to the nursery attendant profession contain questions about gender awareness, performance expectations for male and female nursery school pupils, and working conditions for male attendants, among other subjects of interest. For firefighters, the surveys contain questions about gender awareness, the necessity of female firefighters, their personal experiences in the different firefighting sections, and so on. As a side note, space for independe … More nt comments was also provided.The completed surveys showed that the gender awareness of the surveyed nursery attendant students and nursery attendants themselves does not differ greatly between males and females ; however, for male managers gender awareness is quite low. In addition, gender awareness in male firefighters is low and "gender-role" consciousness is quite strong. For the question, "do you think a female firefighter is necessary?" 36.1% of males surveyed answered yes, while 72.9% of females surveyed answered yes.A female firefighter commented, "There is no opportunity to work at the fire ground, even though I was trained at the firefighter training center in the same program as the males." Firefighting, considered a male job, was regulated by Labor Standards Law of Japan, which restricted female labor conditions. Since it is now moving towards deregulation, along with technical innovations in the field, the specific action should be taken.Nursery attendant has been qualified as a recognized profession by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2003, and the existing wide gap between private and public nursery schools should be resolved. Less