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Democratization and Stability of Politics in East and Southeast Asian Countries

东亚和东南亚国家政治的民主化和稳定

基本信息

批准号：
15310168
负责人：
TAMADA Yoshifumi
金额：
$ 5.31万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15310168/
关键词：
democratization political stability area studies Asia 多国籍政治学政治的安定選挙

项目摘要

It is agreed widely that both democratization and stability of politics are desirable. However, their coexistence is not easy. Our aim is to clarify the conditions enabling political democracy and stability to coexist in countries in East and Southeast Asian regions.There are several countries in the regions that have succeeded in democratization in the last two decades. Six countries from the regions (South Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Thailand) were studied. National elections were held from 2003 to 2005 in these six countries. We can regard rising political tension due to the elections as a good evidence of democratization. To draw a regional comparison, we take Estonia which is a rare case of successful democratization among the countries formerly dominated by the USSR.Estonia is a good example to show how important institutional design is for the coexistence of democracy and stability. Leaders of the republic deprived Russian residents of citizenship when they began to democratize the socialist regime. Although it evoked a great deal of criticism from the international society at first, the Russians were accorded citizenship later and the country succeeded in democratization due to the discriminative measures.In Asian countries, it is often difficult to hold the balance between democracy and stability. In Thailand, an emphasis was placed on stability in drafting the 1997 constitution, resulting in emergence of a too strong national leader. The procedure to dismiss national leaders was a hot issue in the Philippines, South Korea, and Indonesia. Moreover, deficiencies in democratic procedures often hamper legitimatization and stabilization of news democracies.However, we are observing a new type of national leaders in Asian countries. They rely on populist measures instead of institutions and enjoy strong leadership. We are to carry out a research into them.

人们普遍认为，民主化和政治稳定都是可取的。然而，它们的共存并不容易。我们的目的是弄清在东亚和东南亚地区各国实现政治民主与稳定共存的条件，该地区有几个国家在过去20年中成功地实现了民主化。该地区的六个国家（韩国，菲律宾，印度尼西亚，马来西亚，柬埔寨和泰国）进行了研究。2003年至2005年，这六个国家举行了全国选举。我们可以把选举造成的政治紧张局势上升看作是民主化的一个很好的证据。为了进行区域比较，我们以爱沙尼亚为例，爱沙尼亚是前苏联统治下的国家中民主化成功的罕见案例，它是一个很好的例子，表明制度设计对民主与稳定共存是多么重要。共和国领导人在开始社会主义政权民主化时剥夺了俄罗斯居民的公民权。虽然它最初引起了国际社会的大量批评，但由于歧视性措施，俄罗斯人后来获得了公民身份，国家成功地实现了民主化。在亚洲国家，民主与稳定之间往往很难保持平衡。泰国在起草1997年宪法时强调稳定，结果出现了一个过于强势的国家领导人。罢免国家领导人的程序在菲律宾、韩国和印度尼西亚是一个热点问题。此外，民主程序的缺陷往往阻碍新闻民主的合法化和稳定化。然而，我们正在观察亚洲国家的新型国家领导人。他们依靠民粹主义措施而不是机构，并享有强有力的领导。我们将对它们进行研究。