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An analysis of major adjectival constructions in terms of the argument structures of adjectives---tough construction and W-class adjectival construction

从形容词论元结构分析主要形容词结构——tough结构和W级形容词结构

基本信息

批准号：
15520303
负责人：
MARUTA Tadao
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
YAMAGATA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project is an in-depth analysis of adjectival constructions within the theoretical framework of Lexical Semantics, which has been developed for the last two decades, and assumes that the syntactic structures are direct projections of the argument structures of their main predicates, i.e., verbs. The present research is an extension of verb semantics to adjectival semantics. Among the major adjectival constructions, I have chosen TOUGH constructions (i.e., It is easy to please John/John is easy to please) and W-CLASS ADJECTIVAL constructions (i.e., It is wise of John to do so/John is wise to do so.). The approach is that first I examined the fine-grained lexical semantics of these adjectives, and then elucidated the relations between the semantic factors and the syntactic features. The points made clear are that in the TOUGH construction"John is easy to please,"to please and easy constitute the subject-predicate relation and also that they collectively serve as a single complex pre … More dicate describing the surface subject. That is, this sentence can be paraphrased as"John is such that to please him is easy."The easy in"John is easy to please"and that in"It is easy to please John"are analyzed as different lexical entities in terms of argument structure. The former is a part of the complex predicate easy-to-please where to please satisfies one of its arguments, and the latter is an independent predicate that takes the argument structure [Theme (Experiences)].With W-CLASS ADJECIVAL constructions, at issue is why only these adjectives can take of NP. I have made it clear that the evaluation factor in the semantics of these adjectives are responsible for anchoring the PP. Thus with adjectives like slow (John is slow to finish the job.), this PP is impossible as in"^*It is slow of John to finish the job."Of can be analyzed as an linguistic form that realizes the agent of the relevant act and the evaluated person.As stated above, the present research has claimed that the fine-grained adjectival semantics can explain the syntactic features of the major adjectival constructions. Less

本课题是在近二十年发展起来的词汇语义学理论框架内对形容词结构进行的深入分析，认为形容词的句法结构是其主谓词即动词的论元结构的直接投射。本研究是动词语义学向形容词语义学的延伸。在主要的形容词结构中，我选择了强硬的结构(即，取悦约翰很容易)和W类形容词结构(即，John这样做是明智的/John这样做是明智的)。研究方法是，首先考察这些形容词的细粒度词汇语义，然后阐明语义因素与句法特征之间的关系。本文的重点是，在难解的结构中，“约翰很容易让人高兴”和“容易”构成了主谓关系，并且它们共同构成了一个单一的复合体Pre…更多地描述表层主体。也就是说，这句话可以解释为“约翰是这样的，取悦他是容易的”。“约翰很容易取悦”和“很容易取悦约翰”中的容易在论元结构上被分析为不同的词汇实体。前者是复杂谓词的一部分--在哪里取悦满足它的一个论元，后者是一个独立的谓词，其论元结构为[主题(经验)]。对于W类ADJECIVAL结构，争论的是为什么只有这些形容词才能带NP。我已经明确指出，这些形容词的语义中的评价因素是锚定PP的责任。因此，对于像Slow(John is Slow to Finish the Work.)这样的形容词，这个PP是不可能的，就像“^*It is slow of John to Finish the work.”一样。Of可以被分析为一种实现相关行为和被评价人的施事的语言形式。如上所述，本研究表明，细粒度形容词语义可以解释主要形容词结构的句法特征。较少