Licensing condition on resultatives and PATH phrases-an alternative to the Direct Object Condition

在本研究中，我解构了英语结果句的既定限制，即如John hammer the metal flat（约翰把金属敲扁了）中规定短语扁平分布的限制，并从词汇语义的角度提出了一个新的替代理论。到目前为止，结果应该遵循直接对象限制（DOR），这要求结果必须采用最直接的对象宿主。然而，由于DOR有许多反例，主题也可以主持它们，因此需要一个新的理论。本理论的研究思路是：首先将传统的主位角色分为主位<COS>（状态变化）和主位<COL>（位置变化），在此基础上重新分析结果的分布，提出主位对结果的授权限制。与DOR不同的是，Tendency不使用直接宾语，而是考察结果与其宿主之间的语义匹配，这不仅可以解释DOR所涵盖的事实，还可以解释它的反例。这是因为，在一定的条件下，T语言允许非直接宾语主持人，这是我的理论的独特之处，也是对以往理论问题的突破。事实上，主谓句如The couple waltzed to the window是没有问题的，因为主谓句是主位<COL>，结果句是目的句，这显示了语义上的和谐状态。可以预测更多的新数据。在非作格构式中，如The dog died stiff with rigor mortis，主语可以是主人。由于狗带有主位<COS>，这与结果句和状态句的解释是一致的。此外，Tender是一个概念上的自然约束，它规定了一个静态或位置结果可以被允许取决于主机是一个静态或位置变化的undergoer。总的来说，我已经发展了一个创新理论，解释了英语结果的分布。

In this study, I deconstructed the established constraint on English resulatatives that regulates the distribution of phrases flat as in John hammered the metal flat, and proposed a new alternative theory from the lexical-semantic viewpoint. So far resultatives are supposed to follow the Direct Object Restriction(DOR), which requires the resultatives to take the direst object host. However, since the DOR has many counter-examples where the subject can host them too, there has been a new theory needed. The present theory's approach is as follows : first I divided the traditional Theme role into Theme<COS>(=change of state) and Theme<COL>(=change of location), based on which I reanalyzed the distribution of resultatives to propose the Thematic Licensing Constraint on Resultatives(TCLR). The TCLR, unlike the DOR, does not resort to the direct object but look at the semantic matching between the resultative and its host, which can explain not only the facts covered by the DOR but also its counter-examples. This is because the TCLR allows non-direct-object hosts under certain conditions, which is the uniqueness of my theory and the breakthrough to the problems of the former theory. Indeed, subject-host sentences like The couple waltzed to the window are no problem since the host is Theme<COL> and the resultative is Goal, which displays a semantically harmonious condition. There can be further new data predicted. With unergative constructions like The dog died stiff with rigor mortis, the subject can be available for the host. Since the dog carries Theme<COS>, which is in harmony with the resultative with stative interpretation. Furthermore the TCLR is a conceptually natural constraint, which specifies that a stative or locational resultative may be allowed depending whether the host is a undergoer of stative or locational change. Overall, I have developed an innovation theory that explains the distribution of English resultatives.