Licensing condition on resultatives and PATH phrases-an alternative to the Direct Object Condition

在本研究中，我解构了在John hammer the metal flat中规定短语平坦分布的既定英语结果状语约束，并从词汇语义的角度提出了一个新的替代理论。到目前为止，结果式应该遵循直接对象限制（DOR），这要求结果式采用最直接的对象宿主。然而，由于DOR有许多反例，主体也可以承载它们，因此需要一种新的理论。本理论的思路是：首先将传统的主题角色划分为主题<COS>（=状态变化）和主题<COL>（=位置变化），在此基础上重新分析结果语的分布，提出结果语的主题许可约束（Thematic Licensing Constraint on resultative， TCLR）。与DOR不同的是，TCLR不使用直接宾语，而是关注结果句与其主句之间的语义匹配，这不仅可以解释DOR所涵盖的事实，还可以解释其反例。这是因为TCLR在一定条件下允许非直接对象主机，这是我的理论的独特性，也是对以往理论问题的突破。事实上，像“The couple waltz to The window”这样的主-主句是没有问题的，因为主句是“Theme<COL>”，结果句是“Goal”，呈现出语义上和谐的状态。可能会有更多的新数据被预测出来。使用像The dog died stiff With rigmortis这样的非否定结构，主体可以为宿主所用。由于狗携带Theme<COS>，这与结果与状态解释是一致的。此外，TCLR在概念上是一种自然约束，它指定根据宿主是静态更改的承受者还是位置更改的承受者，可以允许静态结果或位置结果。总的来说，我发展了一个创新理论来解释英语结果语的分布。

In this study, I deconstructed the established constraint on English resulatatives that regulates the distribution of phrases flat as in John hammered the metal flat, and proposed a new alternative theory from the lexical-semantic viewpoint. So far resultatives are supposed to follow the Direct Object Restriction(DOR), which requires the resultatives to take the direst object host. However, since the DOR has many counter-examples where the subject can host them too, there has been a new theory needed. The present theory's approach is as follows : first I divided the traditional Theme role into Theme<COS>(=change of state) and Theme<COL>(=change of location), based on which I reanalyzed the distribution of resultatives to propose the Thematic Licensing Constraint on Resultatives(TCLR). The TCLR, unlike the DOR, does not resort to the direct object but look at the semantic matching between the resultative and its host, which can explain not only the facts covered by the DOR but also its counter-examples. This is because the TCLR allows non-direct-object hosts under certain conditions, which is the uniqueness of my theory and the breakthrough to the problems of the former theory. Indeed, subject-host sentences like The couple waltzed to the window are no problem since the host is Theme<COL> and the resultative is Goal, which displays a semantically harmonious condition. There can be further new data predicted. With unergative constructions like The dog died stiff with rigor mortis, the subject can be available for the host. Since the dog carries Theme<COS>, which is in harmony with the resultative with stative interpretation. Furthermore the TCLR is a conceptually natural constraint, which specifies that a stative or locational resultative may be allowed depending whether the host is a undergoer of stative or locational change. Overall, I have developed an innovation theory that explains the distribution of English resultatives.