British Welfare State and the Church of England : Activities of William Temple

在第二次世界大战期间，威廉·坦普尔，自1942年起担任坎特伯雷大主教，在许多场合的公开演讲、给报纸的信件和BBC电台的宗教节目中支持反对纳粹德国的战争。但他对德国人民和德国基督徒表现出了深切的同情。他批评了对德国人的赤裸裸的仇恨。另一方面，他在1920年代已经使用了与“战争国家”相反的“福利国家”一词。在本研究中，我分析了自第一次世界大战以来威廉·邓波尔所写的大量小册子，揭示了他的战争观与社会改革观之间的逻辑关系。在他看来，人们应该以公民的身份参军，并可能为国家献出生命。因此，他们为之献身的国家的活动应该受到道德的约束。英国国教应该利用她的权力来反对…更多的人敦促英国政府按照基督教原则行事。这就是为什么教会必须进行改革，以确保相对独立于议会。坦普尔认识到英国国教在20世纪作为国家教会的重要性。从这个角度可以更好地理解第一次世界大战期间国家忏悔与希望传教士的运动及其其他活动。第二次世界大战结束前，邓波儿在“教会向前看”运动中发挥了主导作用，这要求伦敦市的经济活动具有道德性。我们必须了解福利国家与威廉·坦普尔及其追随者在战争期间的这些活动有关。他在道德或宗教原则的约束下，将英国国家与给予国家或民族最高地位的纳粹国家对立起来。仍然没有回答的问题是，国家圣殿要求什么样的福利，以及他的观点在多大程度上影响了战后真正的英国福利国家。较少

During the Second World War, William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury since 1942, supported the war against the Nazi-Germany in many occasions of public speeches, his letters written to the newspapers, and religious programs on BBC Radio. But he showed the profound sympathy with the German people and German Christians. He criticized the crude hatred towards the German. On the other hand, he had already used the word "Welfare State" contrary to "Warfare State" in 1920s. In this research I analyzed many pamphlets written by William Temple since First World War, and showed the logical relationship between his views on Wars and the view on the social reforms.William Temple attached the greatest importance to the morality of the State. In his view, people should join the army as a duty of citizen, and may give their life to their country. Therefore, activities of the State to which they dedicated their life should be subject to the morality. The Church of England should use her powers to pe … More rsuade the British government to act in accordance with the Christian principles. This is the reason why the Church must be reformed in order to secure the relative independence from the Parliament. Temple recognized the significance of Church of England as a National Church during the twentieth century. The movement of National Mission of Repentance and Hope during the First World War and his other activities can be better understood from such point of view.Toward the end of the Second World War, Temple played a leading part in "Church Looks Forward" movement, which demanded the morality in economic activities of the City of London. We must comprehend the Welfare State in relation to these activities of William Temple and his followers during the War. He set the British State, subject to moral or religious principles, against the Nazi-State which gave the state or the nation the highest status.There remain unanswered problems of what type of Welfare State Temple demanded and how far his view influenced the real British Welfare State after the War. Less