Study on Use of Interior Water Transportation in Ancient Japan

我们收集和分析了日本古都遗址、地方公共办公场所和寺庙遗址使用内部水运的大量考古资料和史料。在明日香首府，它开始多次利用大和河水系的水运。在塞美-皇后时期，为了建造明日之家的宫殿机构和寺庙，开凿了“Tabure Kokoro no Mizo”运河。这条运河通向大和河水系，大和河水运利用正常。藤原宫时期，在藤原宫中心地区开凿了一条新运河，并与大和河相连。大和河水运的利用越来越有规律。而藤原首府的排水系统与这条运河和河流相连。也就是说，藤原宫廷时期是国内水运使用史上的一个伟大时代。对水传输…的新认识更多的交通网络对于了解古都的历史特征是非常重要的。在奈良都城和平安都城，内部水运系统发展得比较系统，它与首都的排水系统和防洪措施联系在一起。在奈良首府、长冈首府和平安首府，益渡河水系的使用在政治、经济和社会活动中变得更加重要。例如，“基图”、“山崎”、“吉都”等内河港口都建在阳户河边。这些省会城市的外河口岸在各省会城市中占有重要地位，省会城市市场的选址与水运的利用密切相关。我们清楚地表明，在奈良首府和平安首府，“细川”运河、一寻神社或一岛神社、以及灵宫都很接近。在藤原首府遗址，我们明确了东市的选址与延河水运密切相关。在藤原首府城东市场的假想遗址附近有市政神社和古寺庙遗址，在当地的公共办公场所和寺庙遗址中，我们收集和分析了大量关于水上交通使用的考古资料和历史记录。我们明确，省级办公场所的选址，如Hizen-Kokufu站点、Tagajou站点、Iwaki-Gunga站点、Futi-Gunga站点，都与水上交通的使用密切相关。它们靠近河流，许多遗址都清楚地表明了运河和河港的存在。我们具体说明，河流运输是地方公署和古都城市形成的非常重要的因素。较少

We collected and analyzed many archaeological data and historical records on the use of interior water transportation in ancient Capital sites and local public office sites and temple sites in Japan. In Asuka capital sites, it began to utilize the water transportation in the Yamato -River system in many occasions. In Saimei -Empress period, "Tabure Kokoro no Mizo" canal was dug for the purpose of the construction of Asuka - palace institutions and temples. That canal was bound for Yamato-river system, and the utilization of Yamato-river water transportation were regular.In Fujiwara - palace period, new canal was dug in the central area of Fujiwara palace, and it was linked with Yamato-river. The utilization of Yamato-river water transportation were more and more regular. And the drainage system in Fujiwara-capital was linked with that canal and rivers. That is, Fujiwara-palace period was great epoch in the history of use of interior water transportation. The new knowledge of water tran … More sportation network was very important for the comprehension of historical character of ancient capital cities.In Nara capital city, and Heian capital city, interior water transportation system developed more systematically, it became to link with the drainage system and flood counter measure in capital city.In Nara capital city, Nagaoka capital city, and Heian capital city, the use of the water transportation in Yodo - river system became to be more important for political, economical, and social activities. River ports, for example, "Ki - tu", "Yamazaki-tu" and "Yodo-tu" were built in Yodo-river side. These external river ports in capital cities had the important position of each capital cities.The location of markets in capital cities was closely related with the use of the water transportation. We made clear that "Horikawa" canals, Ichhime-shrine or Ichkisima-shrine, and Hime-temple were close to each other in Nara capital site and Heian capital site. In Fujiwara capital site, we cleared that the location of the east market was closely related to Yone-river water transportation. There are Ichikisima - shrine, and ancient temple site near by supposed site of east market of Fujiwara capital city.In local public office sites and temple sites, we collected and analyzed many archaeological data and historical records on the use of water transportation. We made clear that location of provincial office sites, for example, Hizen - Kokufu sites, Tagajou site, Iwaki-Gunga site, Futi-Gunga site were closely related to the use of the water transportation. They situated near rivers, and the existence of canals and river ports were made clear in many sites.We made clear concretely that the river transportation was very important factor for the formation of the local public offices and ancient capital cities. Less