Study on Origin and Development of Water-Clock Time system in Ancient Japan

收集和分析了日本宫殿遗址中有关水钟时间系统和都城系统的大量考古资料和史料。由此，我们明确了漏斗的起源和时间制度的曲折与律制和古都城制度有着密切的关系，特别是明确了古都城的规则时间制度和古代宫殿的开关门时间制度。我们清楚地认识到，公元660年漏斗的第一次生产是古代宫殿规则时间制和门的开闭时间制形成的大时代。日本古代国家中央集权制度是在7世纪末大规模发展起来的。我们认为，漏斗的第一次产生和时间制度的时代与当时的政治形势和变革密切相关，也与古都城市制度的形成密切相关。在古代地方公共办公室遗址，如大在府遗址和塔加乔遗址，我们收集和分析了大量关于水钟时间制度和城市制度的考古数据和史料。在Dazaifu和Tagajyo的公共办公室里，有漏斗和那些时间系统。在大斋府和8世纪的公职中。但在Kokuga，也就是说，Dewa、Mimasaka、Kaga等省办事处经常使用漏斗，起步较慢。关于古代的中国和朝鲜，我们收集和分析了大量关于水钟时间制度和城市制度的古籍资料和史料。我们证明了漏斗的技术和系统，以及时间系统，都是从唐代的这些系统中借鉴而来的。但是，首都城市十字路口的钟鼓式时间信息系统并没有被古代日本采用。

We collected and analyzed many archaeological datas and historical records on water-clock time systems and capital city systems in ancient palace-sites of Japan. As a result, We made clear that the origin of clepsydra and the tormation of that time systems related deeply with Ritsuriyo-systems and ancient capital city systems.Particularly, we made definitely clear the regular time system in ancient capital city and the gates's opening and shuting time system of ancient palaces. We understood clearly that the first production of clepsydra in +660 was the big epoch of the formation of the regular time system and the gates's opening and shuting time system in ancient palaces. The centralization system of ancient nation in Japan developed on a large scale in the late of the 7th century. We understood that the first production of clepsydra and the epoch of time system was closely related with these political situation and reformation, and also the formation nf ancient capital city systems.In ancient local public office sites, for example, Dazaifu-site and Tagajyo-site, we hare collected and analyzed many archaeological datas and historical records on water-clock time systems and city systems. In public offices of Dazaifu and Tagajyo, clepsydrans and those time systems. In public offices of Dazaifu and of 8th century. But the regular use of clepsydra in Kokuga, that is to say, provincial offices of Dewa, Mimasaka, Kaga, etc., began more slowly. We made ancient nations, and the formation of public officies and ancient cities.About the ancient China and Korea, we collected and analyzed many archaelogical datas and historical records on water-clock time systems and city systems. We proved that techniques and systems of clepsydra, and that time systems, were adopted from those systems of Tang. But bell-and-drum time-information systems in cross roads of capital cities were not adopted to ancient Japan.