Political Geographic Research on the Relationships between Social Movement and Voting Behaviors in Postwar Okinawa

利用《冲绳时报》，本研究提取了1949年至2000年间发生在冲绳的大约1400起集体行动（即抗议行动事件），并构建了数据库，对每个事件进行编码。通过对数据库进行定量分析，并与在政治集会等场合发表的宣言和决议的内容进行定性比较，本研究不仅试图探索这些事件发生的历史背景，而且还试图探索这些事件发生的地理背景。此外，运用社会经济指数的定量方法，考察了社会运动的发展如何与冲绳人投票行为的空间格局，特别是改革派投票作为他们的另一个政治渠道。因此，根据冲绳的地缘政治和地缘经济背景，冲绳社会运动在1972年回归前发展为领土、主权和日本宪法适用的民众运动，在回归后发展为呼吁反战和平主义和反对美国军事基地的改良运动。据调查，在回归之前举行的琉球群岛行政长官白杨选举中，反对驻韩美军的抗议活动也表现为对改革派政党和候选人的投票行为。另一方面，由于保守党派组成了支持希望美军继续驻扎冲绳的日本和美国政府的阵营，在依靠军事基地经济和以国家补助为基础的公共事业投资的地区，保守党派的选票增加了。可以理解为，冲绳社会内部保守派和改革派之间的政治地理冲突，促成了美军基地和日美同盟的延续。安全安排。然而，从近期社会运动的碎片化、地方化、冲绳政治的整体保守化等趋势来看，可以预见，冲绳地区对东京政治的抗议将弱于将冲绳纳入国家的力量。少

Using the Okinawa Times, this research extracted approximately 1400 cases of collective actions (i.e. protest action events) taking place in Okinawa from 1949-2000 and constructed the database in which each event was coded. By quantitatively analyzing the database and qualitatively comparing with the contents of declarations and resolutions addressed on such occasions as political rallies, this research attempted to explore not only the historical but also the geographical contexts in which such events occurred. Furthermore, it was examined with the quantitative methods using socio-economic indexes how the development of the social movements thus grasped was related to the spatial patterns of Okinawans'voting behaviors, reformist votes in particular, as their another political channel.As a result, according to the geopolitical and geo-economic contexts over Okinawa, Okinawan social movements developed as the popular movements over territory, sovereignty, and the application of the Japa … More nese Constitution before the 1972 reversion and as the reformist movements appealing for anti-war pacifism and against U.S.military bases after the reversion. It was also found that the poplar election for the chief executive of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands immediately before the reversion made protest actions against the U.S.military presence manifest as the voting behaviors for reformist parties and candidates. On the other hand, as conservative parties were organized as a camp that supported the Japanese and U.S. governments that wished to maintain the U.S.military presence in Okinawa, conservative votes increased in the localities dependent on the military base economy and the public work investment based on state subsidies. It can be understood that these political geographic conflicts between the conservative and reformist camps within Okinawan society have contributed to the continuation of the U.S.military bases and the Japan-U.S. security arrangements. However, judging from recent trends such as the fragmentation and localization of social movements and the overall conservatization of Okinawan politics, it can be predicted that Okinawan regional protest against the Tokyo politics will became weaker than the forces integrating Okinawa into the state. Less