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Enregistrement and "publication" of royal legislation by inferior courts in France of Ancien Regime

法国旧制度下的下级法院对皇家立法的登记和“公布”

基本信息

批准号：
15530006
负责人：
MATSUMOTO Emi
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530006/
关键词：
enregistrement France Ancien Regime inferior court Code civil publication public promulgation 商事裁判所パルルマン

项目摘要

This study makes dear that not only the Parlements but inferior tribunals also register and publicate royal acts. Firstly, concrete cases of such "enregistrement" were sought and collected by examining institutional history of different jurisdictions. Contemporary understanding of inferior courts' publication was also shown in the documents of preparatory works for the Code civil (especially about its article 1). Secondly, the analysis of collected cases shows that inferior courts could register the royal letters in a different-and sometimes opposite-way from what the Parlement, their superior, had done. The procedure of the "enregistrement" and "publication" was pursued as a litigation, with two sides opposing to each other their diffent and contradictory intersts, the public prosecutor representing the "public interest". The decision of whether or not, and how, the registration should be done was given through examining the interests of the region, much more precise and concrete than those of the Parlement level. As for the edicts establishing a new tribunal, the registration was demanded in the midst of the conflict of courts occurred between this new jurisdiction and the old others. Such registration demanded in function of necessity, and thus not systematically, we finally conclude that the effect of the royal legislation varies according to time and place. Royal letters were far from being generally and simultaneously valid. Seen from a given Parlement, its registration had double limit : externally, it was confined into its own territory ("ressort") facing the other Parlements, and internally, it was limited by the decision of inferior courts. This interaction, and collaboration of the royal power and the judicial machine, as well as inside the judiciary, was the key to the effective function of the royal law (Ioi du Roi), based on the recognition of the norm through judicial procedure.

这项研究清楚地表明，不仅高等法院，而且下级法庭也登记和审查皇家的行为。首先，通过研究不同司法管辖区的制度历史，寻找和收集了这种“登记”的具体案例。《民法典》筹备工作文件（特别是关于其第1条的文件）也表明了当代对下级法院出版物的理解。其次，对收集到的案件的分析表明，下级法院可以以与其上级高等法院不同的方式（有时甚至是相反的方式）登记皇家信件。“登记”和“公布”的程序是作为一种诉讼程序进行的，双方为了各自不同和矛盾的利益而对立，检察官代表“公共利益”。是否以及如何进行登记的决定是通过审查该地区的利益作出的，比最高法院一级的利益更为准确和具体。至于建立新法庭的法令，在新的管辖权和旧的管辖权之间发生法院冲突的情况下，要求登记。这种登记是必要的，因此不是系统性的，我们最终得出结论，皇家立法的效果因时间和地点而异。皇家的信件远非普遍有效。从一个特定的高等法院来看，它的注册具有双重限制：外部限制在面对其他高等法院的自己的领土内（“ressort”），内部限制在下级法院的判决。皇家权力与司法机构之间以及司法机构内部的这种互动和合作，是皇家法律（Ioi du Roi）在通过司法程序承认规范的基础上有效运作的关键。