Protection of the Persons and Property of Foreigners in the Modern International Law

现代国际法对外国人人身和财产的保护

• 批准号: 15530034
• 负责人: OBATA Kaoru
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530034/
• 关键词: Modern International Law; Status of Foreigners; Diplomatic Protection; 通商条約; 外国人の地位(外人法); 国家責任; 国際法委員会; 外人法; 公権; 私権; 身体の自由; 手続的権利; 国際的人権保障

The notion that foreigners receive the protection for their person and property was presupposed without any serious examination in the disciple of the Modern International Law. In this study, the concrete phenomena signifying such notion was tried to be analyzed. For that purpose, the present researcher studied the background and negotiation process of a clause in the 1826 Anglo-Mexican Commercial Convention, in which typical clauses embodying the above notion (the present researcher calls it "perfect protection formula" have their roots. The study reveals that the clause was given so limited meaning despite its general and comprehensive form, and that it was not considered as a reflection of general international law or law to be established.In other words, the above notion was incorporated into the concept of general international law, after 1826, through the processes of (1) repetitive insertion in the commercial conventions concluded throughout 19 Century, and (2) description in the standard textbooks of international law of such practice.The present researcher continued his study for analysis of the processes (1) and(2). For (1), cardinal original documents of the negotiations are found to be missing, despite the research in the National Archives of Great Britain and the United States. As it stands, collection of materials is not sufficient for any report. For (2), collected books and articles in international law, mostly late 19th century are in the process of putting in order. The present researcher wishes to continue the study.

外国人的人身和财产受到保护的概念在现代国际法的信徒中没有经过任何认真的审查。在本研究中，试图分析表征这一概念的具体现象。为此，本研究对1826年《英墨商事公约》中某条款的产生背景和谈判过程进行了研究，其中体现上述概念的典型条款（本研究称之为“完美保护公式”）都有其根源。研究表明，尽管这一条款的形式是一般和全面的，但它的意义是如此有限，它没有被认为是一般国际法或将要建立的法律的反映。换句话说，上述概念在1826年之后，通过(1)在整个19世纪缔结的商事公约中反复插入，(2)在标准国际法教科书中描述这种做法的过程，被纳入一般国际法的概念。本研究人员继续他的研究，以分析过程(1)和(2)。对于(1)，尽管在英国和美国国家档案馆进行了研究，但仍发现谈判的主要原始文件缺失。就目前的情况来看，仅仅收集材料是不足以做任何报告的。对于(2)，收集的国际法书籍和文章，大多是19世纪末的，正在整理过程中。目前的研究人员希望继续这项研究。

项目成果

小畑 郁: "外交的保護"コンサイス法律学用語辞典(三省堂). 135-136 (2003)

小田郁：《外交保护》简明法律术语词典（Sanseido）135-136（2003）。

Diplomatic Protection

外交保护

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Japanese Society of International Law (ed.), Encyclopedia of Law of International Relations(2^<nd> ed.)
• 作者: Takenori Murakami;Takenori Murakami;Takenori MURAKAMI;小畑 郁;小畑 郁;Kaoru OBATA;小畑 郁;小畑 郁;Kaoru OBATA
• 通讯作者: Kaoru OBATA

請求権放棄条項の解釈の変遷

索赔免责条款解释的变更

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 講座 国際人権法1 国際人権法と憲法(芹田健太郎ほか編)(信山社)
• 作者: Takenori Murakami;Takenori Murakami;Takenori MURAKAMI;小畑 郁;小畑 郁
• 通讯作者: 小畑 郁

Comment : The Horizontal Application of the International Covenants on Human Rights

评论：国际人权公约的横向适用

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Human Rights International No.14
• 作者: Takenori Murakami;Takenori Murakami;Takenori MURAKAMI;小畑 郁;小畑 郁;Kaoru OBATA;小畑 郁;小畑 郁;Kaoru OBATA;小畑 郁;小畑 郁;Kaoru OBATA
• 通讯作者: Kaoru OBATA

小畑 郁: "コメント:国際人権規約の私人間適用-憲法の基本権規定の場合とどう異なりうるか-"国際人権. 14. 51-55 (2003)

Iku Obata：“评论：《国际人权公约》对私人的适用——与《宪法》中基本权利条款的情况有何不同？” 14. 51-55 (2003)。