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An Equilibrium Analysis on Political Reforms in the Post 1955-Rgime Era : Japanese Politics and its Institutional Changes

1955年后政权时代政治改革的均衡分析:日本政治及其制度变迁

基本信息

批准号：
15530097
负责人：
MORI Tadashi
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Aichi Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530097/
关键词：
Political Regime of 1955 (1955-Regime)Japanese Politics Political Reforms Partial Equilibrium Political Regime in the Post 1955-Regime Era Institutional Changes Lost Decade 制度改革

项目摘要

During the final year of our research project, individual members further elaborated their own research themes in accordance with the project's agenda. Also, in the process, the members as a team discussed in depth and coordinated each of their research findings and theoretical analyses.In substance, our project sought to come up with an innovative analytic perspective that would enable us to view the established political regime (so-called the regime of 1955 or the 1955-regime) as collectives of partial equilibriums and then to evaluate the recent years' political reforms as ever shifting processes in which relevant actors are led to depart from status quos that are cemented by a bundle of those partial equilibriums. To consolidate this hypothetical perspective, the members mainly worked on two subjects.First, as a key analytic concept, what we describe as "the 1955-regime can be understood as collectives of partial equilibriums" should be empirically-proof one. Thus, referring to suc … More h theoretical works as comparative institutional analyses, institutional rational choice theories, and rather conventional equilibrium theories, the members elaborated ones' studies and sharpened the concept intensively.Second, in order to verify the concept, we first broke down the regime into three dimensions ; political actors' behaviors, political and policy processes, and policy outputs. And then each member chose concrete topics that would illustrate reforms and changes found conspicuous in those three dimensions. The topics included the followings : voting behaviors and reforms of electoral system, competition among national political parties, local politics and gubernatorial elections, local representatives' recruitment and their policy preferences, cross-national comparison of interaction between bureaucrats and politicians and reforms of cabinets' roles, environmental policies and market-based regulations, and city development policies.In each of these seven topics, the members sought to shed light on puzzles that consist of three concrete questions.1) Under the 1955-regime, why and how could an equilibrium be maintained in a way it did?2) Why and how was it possible for the very equilibrium to be fallen apart? To what extent do the shifting processes evolve from the status quo?3) In what way can a new equilibrium be introduced? Less

在我们研究项目的最后一年，个别成员根据项目议程进一步阐述了自己的研究主题。此外，在这个过程中，成员们作为一个团队进行了深入讨论并协调了他们的每一项研究成果和理论分析。实质上，我们的项目试图提出一种创新的分析视角，使我们能够将现有的政治体制（所谓的1955年政权或1955年政权）视为部分均衡的集合体，然后评估近年来不断变化的政治改革。导致相关行为者偏离由一系列部分均衡所巩固的现状的过程。为了巩固这一假设视角，成员们主要研究了两个主题。第一，作为一个关键的分析概念，我们所描述的“1955年政权可以被理解为局部均衡的集合体”应该是经验证明的概念。于是，成员们参考了比较制度分析、制度理性选择理论以及相当传统的均衡理论等理论著作，对自己的研究进行了深入的阐述和尖锐化。第二，为了验证这个概念，我们首先将制度分解为三个维度；政治行为者的行为、政治和政策进程以及政策产出。然后，每个成员选择具体的主题来说明这三个方面的显着改革和变化。议题包括：投票行为和选举制度改革、全国政党之间的竞争、地方政治和州长选举、地方代表的招募和政策偏好、官僚和政治家互动的跨国比较以及内阁角色的改革、环境政策和市场化监管以及城市发展政策。在这七个议题中，委员们力求阐明每一个议题的具体内容。这些谜题由三个具体问题组成。1) 在 1955 年政权下，均衡为何以及如何能够以这种方式得以维持？2) 均衡为何以及如何可能被打破？转变过程在多大程度上从现状演变而来？3）以什么方式可以引入新的平衡？较少的